语法点总览 · KJV 古英语句法
📖 全站共登记 23 个语法点,在 179 个词条中出现 1083 次。 词条页面里,每个语法点只在首次出现的那一条完整讲解,其余位置显示引用 chip;此页把全部完整讲解集中在一处。
按出现次数排序——排在前面的是钦定本中最常遇到的句法。每条下方列出它出现过的全部词条,点编号可跳转。
倒装(宾语/状语前置引起的主谓倒装)287 处
把宾语或状语提到句首以示强调时,主语和(助)动词常发生倒装:The work of a man shall He render to him = He shall render the work of a man to him(人所做的,他必报应他);gave He the right = He gave the right;yet will I trust Him = yet I will trust Him;In faithfulness hast Thou afflicted me = Thou hast afflicted me in faithfulness。还原语序后再理解。
出现于:001002×2003×6004×4006×2007011×2013×6015×2016018×4023×2024×3030×2031×2032×3033×4034×9035×2037043×2045047049×2051052×4053055×5060065×8066067068069×4071×6072073×2074×10075076080×5083084×2085086×3087×4088089090×11091093094×4095×4097×2098×6101103104×2105106×3107×4108111×5112113114×2115×2116×6117118×3119×3121122×2123×6124126×2127×5128×2129130132133134135×3136137×2138×3139×3140×2141142×2143144×4145146×2148149×4152×2154×2155×2156157158159×2162164165166167×2168×2169×3172173×2174×2175×2176×2178×3179×2
him that / them that = he who / those who96 处
古英语中常用 that 引导指人的定语从句,且先行词直接用人称代词:Him that is ready to judge = 现代英语 Him who is ready to judge(那位预备好施行审判者);them that suffer = those who suffer(那些受苦的人);he that believeth = he who believes(信的人)。
出现于:001×2002003×2004×2006007013×3015016018×2023024030031032033×2034×4041055×2061065×5068069071073074×3075078×2080081082084087×2090091094×2097×2098103×2106118124126127×2129×2130132134135138141143144146148149×2150151×2152153155157161163×2164165169171175
纲要式标题句(并列名词短语,无谓语)70 处
标题、词条、纲要常用『名词短语+分号/逗号并列』的无谓语句式:ACCOUNTABILITY TO GOD; Responsibility, Individual and Personal; Judgment according to Life-Work. 三个并列的名词短语从不同角度点出主题,没有谓语动词。理解方法:把每个分号段当作一个独立的名词短语,找出中心名词(Accountability / Responsibility / Judgment),其余成分都是修饰语。本书每个词条的标题和小节标题都采用这种文体。
出现于:001002003004005007009010011015018019024031032034035042044047052053057063064065066069074×4075076079×2080087090095096099×2107×2109110112117119×4126×3130133134141149155160163165166168170172176
不用 do 的古体否定(Be not / Fret not)69 处
现代英语的否定祈使和否定陈述要借助 do(Don't be...;does not rest),但古典英语直接在动词后加 not:Be not conformed = Do not be conformed(不要效法);Fret not thyself = Do not fret(不要心怀不平);let not sun go down = do not let the sun go down。疑问句同理:Why cast down…? 理解时在心里补一个 do/don't 即可。
出现于:004006007009×3015021024030031032033034×8044047048049×2050058061065×2066×4071073074075077078079080082087089092095099111118120126×3127130131132134135141149158161165167176178
as … so … 关联结构(正如……照样……)60 处
as 引导的从句与 so 引导的主句前后呼应,表『正如……照样……』:As a man chasteneth his son, so the Lord thy God chasteneth thee(人怎样管教儿子,耶和华你神也照样管教你);As His revelation must be in accord with the thought of men, so the disclosure of His desires is made by adopting forms of expression employed among men。so 之后有时会倒装。
出现于:004008009013018023024027032033034×2042065×2068071072074×3079081086087×2098099104105106107×2108111×2115126127×2129130131132133137×2138139141145×3146147159168171177×2
though / if 从句中的虚拟语气(动词用原形)59 处
古典英语在 though/if 等让步、条件从句中用动词原形表示假设或让步(虚拟语气现在式):Though He slay me = 他虽杀我(slay 不加 -s);Though He cause grief = 主虽使人忧愁;Though fig tree not blossom = 虽然无花果树不发旺。现代英语多改用陈述式(though he slays)或情态动词。
出现于:003×4004×3011013×2018024×2030033034×2052055065×2071072073×2074×2077078084086×2088089094×2095×2100102110111112132133137138144148×3155158159168170172174179
古英语动词词尾 -eth / -est58 处
-eth 是古英语第三人称单数现在时词尾,相当于现代英语的 -s:requireth = requires,seeketh = seeks,loveth = loves。-est 是与 thou 搭配的第二人称单数词尾:thou scornest = you scorn,thou chastenest = you chasten。特殊形式:hath = has,doth = does,saith = says,art = are(与 thou 连用),shalt = shall,wilt = will。
出现于:001×2002003×2004007×2015018×2031033034037043048053055061063065×3066×2067069071072×2073074×3076079080083087088092093094097101103106×2107115116×2118121122124125
Let + 第三人称祈使句56 处
英语祈使句本只有第二人称,古典文体用 Let + 宾语 + 动词原形对第三人称发出吩咐/呼吁:Let them that suffer... commit their souls = 那些受苦的人要将自己的灵魂交托(愿受苦之人交托)。翻译成中文常用『要……』『愿……』『让……』。
出现于:003004007009024×2034043057059060062065068071×2073074078081083091097100×2103105107111121122125126127129136141143145146147148150151152153155157160161162163×2164171173
同位语结构44 处
两个名词短语并列,后者对前者作解释说明,中间用逗号隔开:The sense of accountability, the inward conscious conviction of personal responsibility, is...(交账的意识,即内心对个人责任的自觉确信,是……)。长句中先识别出同位语,把它当作插入的解释成分,主干就清晰了。19 世纪论说文大量使用这种结构。
出现于:001004006011013016017018019023062065069071×4074075077080081086087089094095098099×2106107×2108113114117×2120127129130×2136
省略结构(省略主语、系动词 be 等)43 处
书面语和诗体中常省略可从上下文补出的成分:And because sons, God sent forth... = because we are sons(因为你们既是儿子);Many the afflictions of the righteous = Many are the afflictions...(义人的苦难是多的);Blessed the man whom... = Blessed is the man(那人有福了)。理解时先补全再翻译。
出现于:002×3003×6004006012015023×2024025026027028031×2034055060066071075132×2134136139×3140147149150151169177178
呼格 O + 称呼语42 处
O + 名词短语构成呼告(呼格),常用于祷告、诗歌中直接呼唤:Why cast down, O my soul? = 我的心哪,你为何忧闷?(其中 why cast down 又省略了 art thou:why art thou cast down)。O Lord = 主啊。
出现于:003×2004013024048055057060065069071074×3079082084085093098102104115125×2126×2128132136137140143147152155159161163166×2
the + 形容词表一类人40 处
定冠词 the + 形容词(不加名词)泛指具有该特征的一类人:the righteous 义人,the wicked 恶人,the good 善人,the upright 正直人,the ransomed 蒙救赎的人。作主语时按复数处理:Why the good suffer and the bad prosper?(为何善人受苦而恶人亨通?)
出现于:001003×4004013×4015×4017023×2032034×2042055058063067076×2084087088098108128130132×2133139142145
古英语第二人称代词 thou / thee / thy / ye38 处
钦定本(KJV)时代的英语区分第二人称单复数:thou(你,主格)、thee(你,宾格)、thy/thine(你的)、thyself(你自己);ye(你们,主格)、you(你们,宾格)。现代英语已统一为 you/your。阅读时把 thou/thee/ye 都理解为 you 即可,但注意单复数信息:thou 指一个人,ye 指多人。
出现于:001002×2003×3004×2007013×2018×3024030031032034×7042043044045047065066079080129131134136
介词前置的关系从句 to whom / of which33 处
正式书面语把介词提到关系代词之前:a Being to whom the account must be rendered = a Being whom the account must be rendered to(一位必须向其交账的存在者)。理解时可先把介词放回从句末尾再翻译。类似:the comfort wherewith we are comforted(我们所受的安慰)。
出现于:001003004×2011013×3015018023027031032×2037038050061065071080081089093100103106×2107×2113115
祈愿虚拟语气(The Lord bless thee)20 处
表达祝愿、祷祝时动词用原形(虚拟语气现在式),不加 -s、不用 may:Jehovah bless thee and keep thee = 愿耶和华赐福给你、保护你(bless/keep 均原形);The God of peace make you perfect = 愿赐平安的神成全你们;to Whom be the glory = 愿荣耀归给他(be 原形)。现代英语残留:God save the Queen;Long live...。祝福语(Benediction)几乎全用此语气。
复合关系副词 whereby / wherewith / wherein16 处
where + 介词构成的复合关系词,等于『介词 + which』:whereby = by which(借此)、wherewith = with which(用以)、wherein = in which(在其中)、whereof = of which(关于它)。例:the Spirit of adoption, whereby we cry, Abba = 借着这灵我们呼叫『阿爸』。
the + 动名词的名词化结构14 处
定冠词 the + 动名词把动作整体名词化,是 19 世纪书面语常见结构:the willing or doing the right or the wrong = 『意愿或行出正事或恶事(这件事)』。动名词后可直接带宾语(doing the right),翻译时补出『……这件事/这一行为』更通顺。
shall 表应许、命定的将来8 处
在钦定本英语中,shall 不只是构成将来时:用于第二、三人称时带有『必然、命定、应许』的意味(God shall wipe away... 神必擦去……),比 will 更强调出于权柄或誓约的确定性。经文中大量的 shall 都应读出『必要、必然』的语气。第二人称形式为 shalt(thou shalt)。
形容词后置(名词, 形容词 and 形容词)7 处
标题和正式文体中,形容词可以放在名词之后(常用逗号隔开)以突出中心词:Responsibility, Individual and Personal = Individual and Personal Responsibility(个人的、切身的责任);Angels, Holy and Fallen = 圣洁的与堕落的天使。经文中也常见:things eternal(永恒之事)。翻译时把后置形容词移回名词前即可。
古体助动词 hath / doth7 处
hath = has(he hath done = he has done);doth = does,常用于否定和强调:He doth not afflict willingly = He does not afflict willingly(他并不甘心使人受苦)。这些只是拼写古体,语法功能与现代 has/does 相同。
lest 引导的目的/防备从句7 处
lest = so that ... not / for fear that(免得,恐怕),后接虚拟语气(动词原形或 should + 原形):lest ye be wearied and faint = 免得你们疲倦灰心。现代英语较少用,多见于正式文体和经文。
as many as 关联结构5 处
as many as = all who / everyone who(凡……的人):As many as are led by the Spirit of God, are the sons of God = 凡被神的灵引导的,都是神的儿子。As many as I love, I reprove = 凡我所疼爱的,我就责备。注意它作整个句子的主语或宾语。
宾语补足语结构 count it all joy4 处
动词 + 宾语 + 补足语:count it all joy = 把它看作全然的喜乐(it 是宾语,all joy 是宾语补足语)。类似结构:make you a new heart(为自己造一个新心)、call him blessed(称他有福)。
没有匹配的语法点。