HEAVEN ｜ 天堂

ENHEAVEN. Heb. Shamayim (heavens); Gr. Ouranos. Two meanings or references. I. Definite: the immeasurable expanse or universe, enclosing innumerable stellar bodies, visible and invisible, including our sun and its planetary system, notably the earth and its attendant moon. Gen. 1:1. In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. Isa. 40:12, 22, 26. That stretcheth out the heavens as a curtain, and spreadeth them out as a tent to dwell in. He bringeth out their host by number; He calleth them all by name. Ps. 19:1-6. The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament sheweth His handiwork. Ps. 8:3. When I consider Thy heavens, the work of Thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which Thou hast ordained. Jer. 23:24. Do not I fill heaven and earth? Isa. 34:4. All the host of heaven shall be dissolved. 2 Pet. 3:7, 10-13. See God (Works: Creation); Nature.

BSBPsalm 19:1 For the choirmaster. A Psalm of David. The heavens declare the glory of God; the skies proclaim the work of His hands.

中天。希伯来文 Shamayim（诸天，复数）；希腊文 Ouranos。两重含义或所指。一、确指的：那不可测量的穹苍或宇宙，包纳无数可见与不可见的星体，包括我们的太阳及其行星系，尤其是地球和它的随从月亮。创世记 1:1 —— 起初，神创造天地。以赛亚书 40:12, 22, 26 —— 铺张穹苍如幔子，展开诸天如可住的帐棚。他按数目领出万象（原文作众军），一一称其名。诗篇 19:1-6 —— 诸天述说神的荣耀，穹苍传扬他的手段。8:3 —— 我观看你指头所造的天，并你所陈设的月亮星宿。耶利米书 23:24 —— 我岂不充满天地吗？以赛亚书 34:4 —— 天上的万象都要消没。彼得后书 3:7, 10-13。参主题词条：神（074，作为·创造一节）；自然。

ENII. The undefined sphere—the eternal dwelling-place—of the peculiar presence of the Most High God, in personal fellowship with worshiping hosts, angels and saints, and in responsive relations to redeemed men on earth. The general texts are many: Gen. 28:17. The gate of heaven. 2 Chron. 30:27. Their prayer came up to His holy dwelling-place, even unto heaven. Ps. 20:6. He will answer him from His holy heaven. Ps. 73:25. Whom have I in heaven but Thee? Matt. 5:12. Great is your reward in heaven. Our Father in heaven: Matt. 5:45; 6:9; 7:21. Matt. 6:20. Lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven. Luke 10:20. Rejoice, because your names are written in heaven. John 6:38. I came down from heaven. 1 Cor. 15:47. The second man is the Lord from heaven. Eph. 3:15. The whole family in heaven and earth. Col. 1:5. The hope which is laid up for you in heaven. Heb. 9:24. Christ entered . . . into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us. Heb. 12:23. The first-born, who are enrolled in heaven. 1 Pet. 1:4. An inheritance . . . reserved in heaven for you. Rev. 4:2. A throne set in heaven.

BSBColossians 1:5 the faith and love proceeding from the hope stored up for you in heaven, of which you have already heard in the word of truth, the gospel

中二、未加界定的领域——永恒的居所——至高神特殊同在之处：他在其中与敬拜的众军、天使与圣徒亲身相交，又与地上蒙赎的人保持回应的关系。这类经文极多：创世记 28:17 —— 天的门。历代志下 30:27 —— 他们的祷告升到天上的圣所（原文作他神圣的居所，即天）。诗篇 20:6 —— 从他的圣天上应允他。73:25 —— 除你以外，在天上我有谁呢？马太福音 5:12 —— 因为你们在天上的赏赐是大的。我们在天上的父：马太福音 5:45；6:9；7:21。6:20 —— 只要积攒财宝在天上。路加福音 10:20 —— 要因你们的名记录在天上欢喜。约翰福音 6:38 —— 因为我从天上降下来。哥林多前书 15:47 —— 第二个人是出于天。以弗所书 3:15 —— 天上地上的各（或作全）家。歌罗西书 1:5 —— 是为那给你们存在天上的盼望。希伯来书 9:24 —— 乃是进了天堂，如今为我们显在神面前。12:23 —— 有名录在天上诸长子……。彼得前书 1:4 —— 为你们存留在天上的基业。启示录 4:2 —— 有一个宝座安置在天上。

ENFigurative representations—The heavenly country: Heb. 11:14-16. They desire a better country, that is, an heavenly. The heavenly places: Eph. 1:3. Blessed us with all spiritual blessings in the heavenly places in Christ. Eph. 2:6. Made us to sit with Him in the heavenly places. The Father's house: John 14:2. In My Father's house are many mansions (abiding-places). I go to prepare a place for you. Rest for the people of God: Ps. 95:11. Heb. 4:1-9. There remaineth therefore a rest for the people of God. An inheritance: 1 Pet. 1:4. An inheritance incorruptible, and undefiled, and that fadeth not away, reserved in heaven for you. Rom. 8:16, 17. If children, then heirs; heirs of God, and joint-heirs with Christ. The chief figure, definite and impressive—the City of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem: Heb. 12:22. (The Church or Kingdom of God on earth, prefigured by the Zion and Jerusalem of David; the Church or Kingdom in heaven expands the figure.) Heb. 11:10, 16. He looked for the city which hath the foundations, whose builder and maker is God. He hath prepared for them a city. Heb. 13:14. Here have we no continuing city, but we seek after the city which is to come. Rev. 3:12. The city of My God, the new Jerusalem. Rev. 21:2, 10-27. The holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God. Citizenship in the Kingdom pertains, here and forever, to the heavenly city: Phil. 3:20. For our citizenship is in heaven.

BSBHebrews 11:16 Instead, they were longing for a better country, a heavenly one. Therefore God is not ashamed to be called their God, for He has prepared a city for them.

中喻象——天上的家乡：希伯来书 11:14-16 —— 他们却羡慕一个更美的家乡，就是在天上的。天上（原文作诸天界）：以弗所书 1:3 —— 曾赐给我们天上各样属灵的福气。2:6 —— 使我们……一同坐在天上。父的家：约翰福音 14:2 —— 在我父的家里有许多住处……我去原是为你们预备地方去。神子民的安息：诗篇 95:11。希伯来书 4:1-9 —— 这样看来，必另有一安息日的安息，为神的子民存留。基业：彼得前书 1:4 —— 不能朽坏、不能玷污、不能衰残、为你们存留在天上的基业。罗马书 8:16-17 —— 既是儿女，便是后嗣，就是神的后嗣，和基督同作后嗣。首要的喻象——确定而动人：永生神的城，天上的耶路撒冷：希伯来书 12:22。（地上的教会／神的国，由大卫的锡安与耶路撒冷预表；天上的教会／国度使这喻象扩展开来。）希伯来书 11:10, 16 —— 因为他等候那座有根基的城，就是神所经营、所建造的。神……已经给他们预备了一座城。13:14 —— 我们在这里本没有常存的城，乃是寻求那将来的城。启示录 3:12 —— 我神城的名（这城就是……新耶路撒冷）。21:2, 10-27 —— 圣城新耶路撒冷由神那里从天而降。国度的公民身份，今世与永世都属于这天上之城：腓立比书 3:20 —— 我们却是天上的国民。

ENFrom that heavenly City of God it is declared that all ills, evils and sufferings shall be forever banished: Isa. 33:24. The inhabitant shall not say, I am sick. Rev. 21:4. He shall wipe away every tear from their eyes; and death shall be no more; neither shall there be mourning, nor crying, nor pain, any more. Rev. 22:3. There shall be no curse any more. 22:5. There shall be night no more; and they need no light of lamp, neither light of sun. Rev. 7:16. They shall hunger no more, neither thirst any more; neither shall the sun strike upon them, nor any heat. Job 3:17. There the wicked cease from troubling (including evil spirits, evil men, evil thoughts, desires, passions—every form of temptation and tempter to sin); and there the weary be at rest. Rev. 21:27. There shall in no wise enter into it anything that defileth, or he that worketh abomination, or maketh a lie. Thus the Scriptures affirm the removal of all known sources of disquiet and unhappiness in the present life.

BSBRevelation 21:4 ‘He will wipe away every tear from their eyes,’ and there will be no more death or mourning or crying or pain, for the former things have passed away.”

中经上宣告：一切疾患、灾祸、苦难都要从那天上的神城永远驱逐：以赛亚书 33:24 —— 城内居民必不说：我病了。启示录 21:4 —— 神要擦去他们一切的眼泪；不再有死亡，也不再有悲哀、哭号、疼痛。22:3 —— 以后再没有咒诅。22:5 —— 不再有黑夜，他们也不用灯光、日光。7:16 —— 他们不再饥、不再渴，日头和炎热也必不伤害他们。约伯记 3:17 —— 在那里恶人止息搅扰（包括恶灵、恶人、恶念、恶欲、血气——各样试探与试探人者），困乏人得享安息。启示录 21:27 —— 凡不洁净的，并那行可憎与虚谎之事的，总不得进那城。这样，圣经断言：今生一切已知的搅扰与不乐之源，都要除去。

ENClear and abundant intimations, in positive forms, of abiding happiness in the experiences of the heavenly life: (1) At the outset of that life is heard the welcome of Christ: Matt. 25:34. Come, ye blessed of My Father, inherit the Kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world. (2) A glorified body assured: 1 Cor. 15:49. We shall also bear the image of the heavenly. Phil. 3:21. Who shall fashion anew the body of our humiliation, that it may be conformed to the body of His glory. (3) Immeasurably augmented knowledge for the adequately enlarged intellect: 1 Cor. 13:12. Now I know in part; but then shall I know even as also I have been known. John 13:7. What I do thou knowest not now; but thou shalt understand hereafter. (4) Love perfected and pure—with an abiding vision of Christ, a restored intimacy with the loved on earth, and an unlimited expansion of affectionate fellowship with all pure spirits, angelic and redeemed: 1 Cor. 13:13. Phil. 1:23. To depart and be with Christ . . . is very far better. Rev. 21:3. He will dwell with them. (5) Enlarged capacities and opportunities for service by the utterly consecrated will: Rev. 22:3. His servants shall serve Him. Rev. 7:15. They serve Him day and night. And herein is affirmed a changeless spiritual body, and is implied an endless development and progression in force and exercise of every godlike faculty of the immortal human spirit. Other Scriptures: Isa. 35:10. The redeemed . . . shall obtain joy and gladness. Dan. 12:3. They that turn many to righteousness shall shine as the stars for ever and ever. Rev. 14:13. Their works do follow them. Ps. 16:11. In Thy presence is fullness of joy; at Thy right hand there are pleasures for evermore. Ps. 17:15. I shall be satisfied, when I awake, with Thy likeness. Ps. 23:6. I will dwell in the house of the Lord for ever.

BSBMatthew 25:34 Then the King will say to those on His right, ‘Come, you who are blessed by My Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world.

中关于天上生活经历中长存的福乐，圣经以正面的形式给出清楚而丰富的提示：（1）在那生活的入口，先听见基督的欢迎：马太福音 25:34 —— 你们这蒙我父赐福的，可来承受那创世以来为你们所预备的国。（2）得荣耀身体的确据：哥林多前书 15:49 —— 将来也必有属天的形状。腓立比书 3:21 —— 他要……将我们这卑贱的身体改变形状，和他自己荣耀的身体相似。（3）为着足量扩容的心智，知识不可测度地增长：哥林多前书 13:12 —— 如今所知道的有限，到那时就全知道，如同主知道我一样。约翰福音 13:7 —— 我所做的，你如今不知道，后来必明白。（4）爱得以完全而纯粹——常见基督的面，与地上所爱之人恢复亲密，并与一切纯洁之灵（天使的与蒙赎的）无限展开亲爱的团契：哥林多前书 13:13。腓立比书 1:23 —— 情愿离世与基督同在，因为这是好得无比的。启示录 21:3 —— 神要亲自与他们同在。（5）全然奉献的意志，得着扩大的服事才能与机会：启示录 22:3 —— 他的仆人都要事奉他。7:15 —— 昼夜……事奉他。这里既断言了一个不改变的属灵身体，也暗含着不朽人灵每一样肖神官能在力量与运用上无穷的发展与长进。其他经文：以赛亚书 35:10 —— 蒙救赎的民……必得着欢喜快乐。但以理书 12:3 —— 那使多人归义的，必发光如星，直到永永远远。启示录 14:13 —— 他们的工作（英译：作为）也随着他们。诗篇 16:11 —— 在你面前有满足的喜乐，在你右手中有永远的福乐。17:15 —— 我醒了的时候，得见你的形象，就心满意足了。23:6 —— 我且要住在耶和华的殿中，直到永远。

ENThe inspired disclosures touching the heavenly state may be summed up in the comprehensive affirmation of Heb. 12:22-24, illustrated by the sublime pictures of Rev. 5, 7, 14: Ye are come unto the City of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem (described Rev. 21:10-27; 22:1-5); and to innumerable hosts of angels (Rev. 5:11. Many angels round about the throne); to the general assembly and church of the first-born who are enrolled in heaven—the innumerable company of the redeemed (Rev. 7:9. A great multitude, which no man could number, out of every nation, and of all tribes and peoples and tongues); and to God the Judge of all (Rev. 20:11. A great white throne); and to the spirits of just men made perfect (an intimation, possibly, of special fellowship with saints, or kindred spirits). Supreme emphasis should be given to the final particular: and to Jesus, the Mediator of a new covenant, and to the blood of sprinkling. Christ the one Figure, and His Sacrifice the one Theme, central and vital to the vision, the significance, and the realization of heaven: Rev. 5:6-14. Lo, in the midst of the throne, a Lamb standing, as though it had been slain. And I heard the voice of many angels, and the living creatures (representing all animate and sentient creatures), and the elders (the church of all ages), saying, Worthy is the Lamb that hath been slain to receive the power, and riches, and wisdom, and might, and honor, and glory, and blessing. Responsive expressions embody most precious promises and hopes: Isa. 33:17. Thine eyes shall see the King in His beauty. John 14:3. I will receive you unto Myself. John 17:24. That they may be with Me where I am, that they may behold My glory. Rom. 8:17. Glorified together with Him. 2 Cor. 5:8. Willing rather . . . to be at home with the Lord. 1 John 3:2. We know that, if He shall be manifested, we shall be like Him; for we shall see Him even as He is. Rev. 22:4. And they shall see His face. 1 Thes. 4:17. And so shall we ever be with the Lord.

BSBHebrews 12:22, 23, 24 22 Instead, you have come to Mount Zion, to the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem. You have come to myriads of angels 23 in joyful assembly, to the congregation of the firstborn, enrolled in heaven. You have come to God the Judge of all, to the spirits of the righteous made perfect, 24 to Jesus the mediator of a new covenant, and to the sprinkled blood that speaks a better word than the blood of Abel.

中圣经关于天上境界的启示，可总括于希伯来书 12:22-24 那包罗万象的宣告，并以启示录 5、7、14 章的崇高图景为之作注：你们乃是来到永生神的城邑，就是天上的耶路撒冷（详绘于启示录 21:10-27；22:1-5）；那里有千万的天使（启示录 5:11 —— 宝座……的周围有许多天使）；有名录在天上诸长子之会所共聚的总会——蒙赎者不可胜数的群体（启示录 7:9 —— 有许多的人，没有人能数过来，是从各国、各族、各民、各方来的）；有审判众人的神（20:11 —— 一个白色的大宝座）；并被成全之义人的灵魂（或提示与圣徒、与心灵相契者的特殊团契）。至重的强调当归于最末一项：并新约的中保耶稣，以及所洒的血。基督是唯一的中心形象，他的祭是唯一的主题——对天堂的异象、意义与实现都是中枢所系、性命所关：启示录 5:6-14 —— 我又看见……宝座……中间，有羔羊站立，像是被杀过的。我又听见……许多天使的声音……和四活物（代表一切有生命有知觉的受造之物）并众长老（历世历代的教会）……大声说：曾被杀的羔羊是配得权柄、丰富、智慧、能力、尊贵、荣耀、颂赞的。回应性的经文满载至宝的应许与盼望：以赛亚书 33:17 —— 你的眼必见王的荣美。约翰福音 14:3 —— 接你们到我那里去。17:24 —— 我在哪里，叫他们也同我在那里，叫他们看见……我的荣耀。罗马书 8:17 —— 也必和他一同得荣耀。哥林多后书 5:8 —— 更愿意离开身体与主同住。约翰一书 3:2 —— 主若显现，我们必要像他，因为必得见他的真体。启示录 22:4 —— 也要见他的面。帖撒罗尼迦前书 4:17 —— 这样，我们就要和主永远同在。

EN1 Thes. 4:17, 18. And so shall we ever be with the Lord. Wherefore comfort one another with these words. The effect of the vision of God. [The aim of God as regards believers is summed up in the simple phrase—conformity to the image of the Son. This is the one absolute light-point in the eternal future (Rom. 8:29; Ps. 17:15. I shall be satisfied, when I awake, with Thy likeness). And we know that our destiny is to be made like Him. By what processes the result is to be brought about we may not know; but the end itself is clear—the assimilation begun on earth shall be perfected above. This conformity to Christ includes not only moral and spiritual likeness to Christ, but likeness to Him also in His glorious body; that is, the redemption of the body—life in a glorified corporeity (Phil. 3:21). In the disembodied state the believer indeed is with Christ, rests in the blessedness of unbroken fellowship with Him; but it is the resurrection which is the perfection of his life. J. Orr.]

BSBRomans 8:29 For those God foreknew, He also predestined to be conformed to the image of His Son, so that He would be the firstborn among many brothers.

中帖撒罗尼迦前书 4:17-18 —— 这样，我们就要和主永远同在。所以，你们当用这些话彼此劝慰。得见神的果效。〔神对信徒的目标，可总括为一句简单的话——效法（原文作模成）他儿子的模样。这是永恒未来中唯一绝对的光点（罗马书 8:29；诗篇 17:15 —— 我醒了的时候，得见你的形象，就心满意足了）。我们知道，我们的归宿就是被造得像他。至于借着何种过程成就，我们未必知道；但目标本身是清楚的——在地上已然开始的同化，将在天上得以完全。这种效法基督，不但包括在道德上、属灵上像基督，也包括在他荣耀的身体上像他；那就是身体得赎——在得了荣耀的形体中生活（腓立比书 3:21）。在脱离身体的状态里，信徒固然与基督同在，安息在与他不断相交的福乐里；但使他生命臻于完全的，乃是复活。奥尔（J. Orr）〕