REDEMPTION; REDEEMER; REDEEM ｜ 救赎、救赎主、救赎

ENREDEMPTION; REDEEMER; REDEEM. Heb., gaal, padah—to free, or to become freed, by avenging or by repaying. Gr., lutroo, to loose by a price, to deliver; agorazo, to buy. Also RANSOM: Heb., padah, to free; kopher, a covering. Redemption or deliverance, and the Redeemer or Deliverer, include the scope and substance of the Old and New Testament religion. Redemption or deliverance from bondage was first applied to the deliverance of Israel from Egypt, as a basis of claim for obedience: Ex. 20:2. I am the Lord thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. Afterward it was applied to subsequent deliverances from other nations, upon condition of obedience. The external deliverance always prefigured and pointed forward to a spiritual deliverance and obedience: Ps. 49:15. But God will redeem my soul from the power of the grave: for He shall receive me. Ps. 111:9. He sent redemption unto His people: He hath commanded His covenant for ever. Ps. 130:7, 8. For with the Lord there is mercy, and with Him is plenteous redemption. And He shall redeem Israel from all his iniquities. Isa. 43:1. Fear not: for I have redeemed thee, I have called thee by thy name; thou art Mine. Isa. 63:9. In His love and in His pity He redeemed them. Jer. 50:34. Their Redeemer is strong; the Lord of hosts is His name.

BSBPsalm 130:7 O Israel, put your hope in the LORD, for with the LORD is loving devotion, and with Him is redemption in abundance.

中救赎；救赎主；赎回。希伯来文 gaal（至近亲属的赎回）、padah（赎放），意为藉伸冤或藉付价使人得释、或自己得释。希腊文 lutroo，以价银解开、释放；agorazo，买。另有『赎价』（ransom）：希伯来文 padah，释放；kopher，遮盖（赎罪银）。救赎（拯救）与救赎主（拯救者），涵盖了新旧两约宗教的全部范围与实质。『从捆绑中救赎、拯救』这一说法最先用于以色列出埃及的拯救，并以此为要求顺服的依据：出埃及记 20:2 —— 我是耶和华你的神，曾将你从埃及地为奴之家领出来。此后它又用于以顺服为条件的历次脱离别国的拯救。而外在的拯救，向来都是预表并指向一种属灵的拯救与顺服：诗篇 49:15 —— 只是神必救赎我的灵魂脱离阴间的权柄，因他必收纳我。111:9 —— 他向百姓施行救赎，命定他的约，直到永远。130:7-8 —— 因他有慈爱，有丰盛的救恩。他必救赎以色列脱离一切的罪孽。以赛亚书 43:1 —— 你不要害怕，因为我救赎了你。我曾提你的名召你，你是属我的。63:9 —— 他以慈爱和怜悯救赎他们。耶利米书 50:34 —— 他们的救赎主大有能力，万军之耶和华是他的名。

ENRedemption comprehensively regarded—a term that includes all the processes and results of human salvation. On the causal side it comprises the sacrificial and intercessory office-work of Christ, and the regenerating and sanctifying work of the Holy Spirit. On the side of effects it includes the results wrought for the soul in its pardon, justification and adoption, and within the soul in its new creation, purification and increasing likeness to God. And these effects are finally made complete by "the redemption of the body"—that is, its resurrection in the likeness of Christ's glorified body unto an immortal life. Specifically and mainly: in the New Testament the word Redemption refers to the entire work of Christ in our deliverance from the guilt, the penalty, the power, and all the hurtful consequences of sin. The chief passage is 1 Cor. 1:30. But of Him are ye in Christ Jesus, who of God is made unto us wisdom, and righteousness, and sanctification, and redemption. Its points are these. Christ is our Wisdom, because as a Prophet He reveals the love of God in the device of a gracious salvation from sin and condemnation. Christ is our Righteousness, because as a High-Priestly Offerer and Offering to God in our behalf, He restores us to right relations with God and with His law of holiness and love, and thus secures our restoration to favor and childship with God. Christ is our Sanctification, because as a subduing and in-ruling King He guides and prompts us to, and works within us, a new obedience and consecration to the will and service of God. And as the final and consummate result of these three offices, achieving for us complete and abiding deliverance from sin and all its evil, "Christ is made unto us Redemption." Heb. 9:12. Having obtained eternal redemption for us. This redemption applies even to our bodies: Rom. 8:23. Waiting for the adoption, to wit, the redemption of our body. Hos. 13:14. I will ransom them from the power of the grave. Phil. 3:21. Who shall change our vile body, that it may be fashioned like unto His glorious body.

BSB1 Corinthians 1:30 It is because of Him that you are in Christ Jesus, who has become for us wisdom from God: our righteousness, holiness, and redemption.

中从总括的角度看救赎——这个词包含人得救的一切过程与结果。就成因一面说，它包括基督献祭与代求的职任之工，以及圣灵重生与成圣的工作。就果效一面说，它包括为灵魂所成就的事——赦罪、称义、得儿子的名分；以及在灵魂之内所成就的事——新造、洁净、日益与神相似。而这些果效最终由『身体得赎』而臻于完全——就是身体照基督荣耀身体的样式复活，进入不朽的生命。就狭义与主要的用法说：在新约中，『救赎』一词指基督拯救我们脱离罪的罪咎、刑罚、权势及其一切有害后果的整个工作。主要经文是哥林多前书 1:30 —— 但你们得在基督耶稣里，是本乎神，神又使他成为我们的智慧、公义、圣洁、救赎。其要点如下。基督是我们的智慧，因为他作先知，在那『从罪与定罪中施恩拯救』的方略里显明了神的爱。基督是我们的公义，因为他作大祭司，为我们把祭物献与神（他自己既是献者也是祭物），使我们与神、与他圣洁慈爱的律法恢复正当关系，从而使我们重得神的恩眷与儿子的名分。基督是我们的圣洁，因为他作那制伏并内住掌权的君王，引导催促我们、并在我们里面作成一种新的顺服，使我们分别为圣归给神的旨意与事奉。而作为这三重职任最终圆满的结果——为我们成就了脱离罪及其一切恶果的完全而长存的拯救——『基督成了我们的救赎』。希伯来书 9:12 —— 成了永远赎罪的事。这救赎甚至及于我们的身体：罗马书 8:23 —— 等候得着儿子的名分，乃是我们的身体得赎。何西阿书 13:14 —— 我必救赎他们脱离阴间。腓立比书 3:21 —— 他要按着那能叫万有归服自己的大能，将我们这卑贱的身体改变形状，和他自己荣耀的身体相似。

ENNew Testament texts: Luke 1:68. He hath visited and redeemed His people. Matt. 20:28. To give His life a ransom for many. 1 Cor. 6:20. For ye are bought with a price. Gal. 3:13. Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law. Gal. 4:5. To redeem them that were under the law. Eph. 1:7. In whom we have redemption through His blood, the forgiveness of sins. Titus 2:14. Who gave Himself for us, that He might redeem us from all iniquity. 1 Pet. 1:18, 19. Ye were not redeemed with corruptible things, as silver and gold . . . but with the precious blood of Christ. 2 Pet. 2:1. Denying the Lord that bought them. Rev. 5:9. For Thou wast slain, and hast redeemed us to God by Thy blood. Character and future of the redeemed—the redeemed of the Lord are a holy people: Isa. 62:12. And they shall call them, The holy people, The redeemed of the Lord. Isa. 35:9, 10. But the redeemed shall walk there: and the ransomed of the Lord shall return, and come to Zion with songs and everlasting joy upon their heads: they shall obtain joy and gladness, and sorrow and sighing shall flee away.

BSBIsaiah 35:10 So the redeemed of the LORD will return and enter Zion with singing, crowned with everlasting joy. Gladness and joy will overtake them, and sorrow and sighing will flee.

中新约经文：路加福音 1:68 —— 因他眷顾他的百姓，为他们施行救赎。马太福音 20:28 —— 并且要舍命，作多人的赎价。哥林多前书 6:20 —— 因为你们是重价买来的。加拉太书 3:13 —— 基督既为我们受了咒诅，就赎出我们脱离律法的咒诅。4:5 —— 要把律法以下的人赎出来。以弗所书 1:7 —— 我们藉这爱子的血得蒙救赎，过犯得以赦免。提多书 2:14 —— 他为我们舍了自己，要赎我们脱离一切罪恶。彼得前书 1:18-19 —— 知道你们得赎……不是凭着能坏的金银等物，乃是凭着基督的宝血。彼得后书 2:1 —— 连买他们的主他们也不承认。启示录 5:9 —— 因为你曾被杀，用自己的血从各族各方、各民各国中买了人来，叫他们归于神。被赎之人的品格与前途——耶和华所赎的民乃是圣洁的民：以赛亚书 62:12 —— 人必称他们为圣民，为耶和华的赎民。35:9-10 —— 只有赎民在那里行走。并且耶和华救赎的民必归回，歌唱来到锡安，永乐必归到他们的头上；他们必得着欢喜快乐，忧愁叹息尽都逃避。

EN[Christianity is distinctively a religion of Redemption—a great Divine economy for the recovery of men from the guilt and power of sin, from a state of estrangement and hostility to God, to a state of holiness and blessedness in the favor of God, and of fitness for the attainment of their true destination. The Christian view starts from the conception that everything in its original nature, and in the intent of its Creator, is good, and that the evil of the world is the result of wrong and perverted development; it holds, therefore, that redemption from it is possible by the use of appropriate means. And redemption here includes not merely deliverance from existing evils, but restoration of the Divine likeness which has been lost by man, and the ultimate blessedness of the life everlasting. All theories of redemption within Christian limits agree in taking for granted three things as included under this term: (1) there is the removal of guilt, or of the consciousness of guilt, which brings with it the sense of the Divine forgiveness; (2) there is the breaking down of the actual enmity of the heart and will to God, and the turning of the sinner from dead works to serve the living and true God; (3) there is the taking up of the believer into the positive fellowship of eternal life with Christ, and into the consciousness of a Divine sonship. These are the immediate effects, from which others follow—a changed relation to the world, gradual progress in holiness, and deliverance at death and in eternity from all natural and spiritual evils. Prof. Orr.] [The Gospel is a proclamation of redemption under the law of Christ. Faith is trust and surrender, issuing in obedience; and in that surrender and obedience man secures his plenary and eternal spiritual emancipation. That secures to him deliverance from the guilt, the pollution, the power, and the consequences of sin. Set right with God through the knowledge of Him in Jesus Christ, he is for the first time set free, and his powers begin to work in their divinely appointed way. The new birth, under the law of Christ, makes all things new: it is a veritable resurrection in the depths of his being, carrying in it the energy of a world-wide transfiguration. Behrends.]

BSB2 Corinthians 5:17 Therefore if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation. The old has passed away. Behold, the new has come!

中〔基督教在其特质上乃是一种救赎的宗教——是神一套宏大的施政计划，要把人从罪的罪咎与权势中、从与神疏离敌对的状态中挽回过来，进入圣洁蒙福、蒙神恩眷的状态，并使人适于达成其真正的归宿。基督教的观点出发点在于：万物就其原初的本性、就其创造者的旨意而言，都是好的；世上的恶乃是错谬而扭曲之发展的结果；因此它主张：藉合宜的方法，从恶中得赎是可能的。而此处所说的救赎，不仅包括脱离现存的诸恶，也包括恢复人已失去的神的形像，以及永生最终的福乐。基督教范围内一切关于救赎的学说，都一致认定这个词理所当然地包含三件事：（1）罪咎——或对罪咎的意识——被除去，随之而来的是对神赦免的感知；（2）心思与意志对神实际的敌意被拆毁，罪人从死行中回转，去事奉那又真又活的神；（3）信徒被接纳进入与基督永生的实际相交，并进入身为神儿子的自觉。这些是直接的果效，其后还生出别的果效——与世界关系的改变、圣洁上渐进的长进，以及在死时与永世中脱离一切属自然与属灵的祸患。奥尔教授（Prof. Orr）〕〔福音乃是在基督之律下所颁的救赎宣告。信心就是信靠与降服，其结果是顺服；而在这降服与顺服之中，人得着他完全而永恒的属灵解放。这解放使他脱离罪的罪咎、污染、权势与后果。人藉着在耶稣基督里认识神而与神复归正常关系，他就头一次得着自由，他的各样能力也开始按神所命定的方式运作。在基督之律下的新生，使一切都更新了：那是他生命深处一场真真实实的复活，其中带着一种足以使整个世界改容易貌的能力。贝伦兹（Behrends）〕

EN[A redemption of the whole man, body and soul. The aim of God as regards believers is summed up in the simple phrase—conformity to the image of His Son. We know that our destiny is to be made like Him; the assimilation begun on earth shall be perfected above. And this conformity to Christ includes not only moral and spiritual likeness to Christ, but likeness to Him also in His glorious body; that is, the redemption of the body, life in a glorified corporeity. The Bible knows nothing of an abstract immortality of the soul, as the schools speak of it; nor is its redemption a redemption of the soul only, but of the body as well. It is a redemption of man in his whole complex personality—body and soul together. It was in the body that Christ rose from the dead; in the body that He ascended into heaven; in the body that He lives and reigns there for evermore. It is His promise that "because I live, ye shall live also"; and this promise includes a pledge of the resurrection of the body. Prof. Orr.] [The incarnation of the Deity, and the mystery—measureless in its height and depth—of the Divine sacrifice, were not exclusively expended upon a single atom of the universe and its few inhabitants. The Divine effort that shook the earth, that shook the heavens, that bereaved the throne of God and sacrificed the Eternal Son, was according to an eternal purpose that included the entire moral universe in the scope of its benefactions: peace for the earth through the blood of His cross; and, for all moral creatures not of the brotherhood of man, a strengthening and conserving of the ties that bind them to holiness and to God, through the revelation of God in Christ by means of the Church. Anon.]

BSBRomans 8:29 For those God foreknew, He also predestined to be conformed to the image of His Son, so that He would be the firstborn among many brothers.

中〔全人的救赎，包括身体与灵魂。神对信徒的目标，可以用一句简单的话总括——效法他儿子的模样。我们知道，我们的归宿是要变得像他；在地上开始的这种同化，要在天上臻于完全。而这种效法基督，不仅包括在道德与属灵上像基督，也包括在他荣耀的身体上像他；也就是身体得赎，得着有荣耀形体的生命。圣经全然不知有学院派所说的那种抽象的『灵魂不朽』；它所说的救赎也不只是灵魂的救赎，同时是身体的救赎。它是人整全而复合之位格的救赎——身体与灵魂一同得赎。基督是带着身体从死里复活的；是带着身体升天的；是带着身体在那里永永远远活着掌权的。他的应许是：『因为我活着，你们也要活着』；这应许里就含有身体复活的凭据。奥尔教授（Prof. Orr）〕〔神性的道成肉身，以及那高深莫测的奥秘——神的献祭——并不是单单为宇宙中的一粒微尘及其寥寥居民而耗费的。那震动大地、震动诸天、使神的宝座失去爱子、把永恒之子献上的神圣作为，乃是照着一个永恒的旨意；而那旨意所施恩泽的范围，涵盖了整个道德性的宇宙：藉他十字架的血，使地上得平安；并且对于一切不属人类这一族的道德受造者，则藉着基督里神的启示、藉着教会，坚固并保守那把他们系于圣洁、系于神的纽带。佚名〕