APPENDIX: CONSERVATIVE SCHOLARSHIP; GIVING ｜ 附录：保守派学者阵容・奉献

EN[When we come to the matter of the further disintegration of Isaiah—so as to make his works a collection from various writers at different times—I am not impressed with the soundness of the philosophy or scholarship which attributes the great literary results that mark history to "the fortuitous concourse" of intellects. "Every house is builded by some man." The masterpieces of literature are the outcome of the activity of the world's great minds, not the collected dribbling of an infinity of small ones. The majestic harmony of Isaiah throughout was born of the travail of one great soul. Isaiah of Jerusalem could write what passes under his name; and there is not only no evidence to show that any one else did write anything attributed to him, but none to show that there was any one in being who could write it. C. Caverno.]

BSBHebrews 3:4 And every house is built by someone, but God is the builder of everything.

中〔至于把以赛亚书进一步拆解、以致把他的作品说成不同时代多位写作者之汇编这件事——我并不觉得那种把历史上标志性的伟大文学成果归给众多才智之『偶然聚合』的哲学或学问有多稳妥。『因为房屋都必有人建造。』文学的杰作是世上伟大心灵活动的产物，而不是无数小心灵零星滴漏的汇集。以赛亚书通篇那种庄严的和谐，乃是从一个伟大灵魂的产难中生出来的。耶路撒冷的以赛亚完全写得出署他名下的这些文字；而且不但没有任何证据表明归给他的任何一部分实际出自别人之手，也没有任何证据表明当时存在着一个写得出这些文字的人。卡维诺（C. Caverno）〕

ENConservative scholarship is predominant, both in numbers and in weight of judgment. [The number of competent scholars who believe in and defend the Mosaic authorship of the Pentateuch is not so restricted as is sometimes represented. Professor Sayce of England and Professor Hommel of Munich have both been brought by their archaeological researches to distrust and to reject the conclusions of the divisive critics. Dr. Zahn of Stuttgart, Rupprecht of Bavaria and Hoedemaker of Amsterdam have written ably on the conservative side; so have Sime and Cave of Great Britain, and the fourteen contributors to Lex Mosaica, who are men of ability and note. And in this country Professors Mead, Vos, Zenos, Schmauk, Beattie, Witherspoon, Osgood, MacPheeters, MacDill and White have published their views on the subject—not to speak of the much greater number of professors in American institutions who hold and teach the same views, though they may not have published books upon it. W. H. Green.] [The names of Alford, Ellicott, Harold Browne and Edersheim; of McCaul, Cave and Rawlinson; of Conder, Poole, Kitto, Isaac Taylor and Gladstone, and others in England; of Moses Stuart, Turner, Tayler Lewis, Alexander, Hitchcock, Jacobus and Barrows; of Green, Bissell, Bartlett, Warfield, Chambers and others in our land—not to mention Prideaux, Stillingfleet, Leslie, Warburton, Graves, Watson, Milman and Faber among the older critics—such pre-eminent scholars, who reject and oppose the conclusions of the so-called Higher Critics with regard to Moses and the Pentateuch, are sufficient to establish firmly the basis of the old faith, and to remove all fears of its overthrow by any superior amount of erudition, cogency of reasoning, or weight of intellect. M. Gallagher.] In addition to the volumes of Hommel and Harnack referred to above, the appendix supplies for the interested student a partial list of recent volumes written in refutation of the radical and divisive criticism—among them the several works of Professor W. H. Green on Moses and the Pentateuch; Professor James Robertson's Early Religion of Israel; Professor Bissell's The Pentateuch: Its Origin and Structure; Principal Cave's The Inspiration of the Old Testament; Professor Sayce's Fresh Light from Ancient Monuments and The Higher Criticism and the Verdict of the Monuments; works by Edersheim, Ellicott, Stanley Leathes, Rawlinson, Mead, Bartlett, Zenos, Chambers, Gardiner, Sanday, Kennedy and Caverno; and, last but especially suited to a first and introductory reading—by reason of its comprehensive, clear and trenchant treatment of the theme from its manifold points of view—The Old Testament Under Fire, by A. J. F. Behrends.

BSBJude 1:3 Beloved, although I made every effort to write to you about the salvation we share, I felt it necessary to write and urge you to contend earnestly for the faith entrusted once for all to the saints.

中保守派学问无论在人数上还是在判断的分量上都居于优势。〔相信并维护摩西著五经之说的够格学者，其人数并不像有时被人描述的那样有限。英国的赛斯教授与慕尼黑的何梅尔教授，都因自己的考古研究而对分割派批判学者的结论转为不信、加以否弃。斯图加特的察恩博士、巴伐利亚的鲁普雷希特、阿姆斯特丹的赫德马克，都在保守一方写出了有分量的著作；英国的赛姆与凯夫也是如此，还有《摩西律法》（Lex Mosaica）一书的十四位撰稿人——他们都是有能力、有声望的人。而在本国，米德、霍志恒、泽诺斯、施莫克、比蒂、威瑟斯庞、奥斯古德、麦克菲特斯、麦克迪尔、怀特诸教授都已就此题目发表过见解——更不必说美国各院校中人数多得多的教授，他们持守并教导同样的看法，只是未必出过专书。格林（W. H. Green）〕〔阿尔福德、埃利科特、哈罗德·布朗、爱德闪；麦考尔、凯夫、罗林森；孔德、普尔、基托、以撒·泰勒、格莱斯顿以及英国的其他学者；摩西·斯图亚特、特纳、泰勒·刘易斯、亚历山大、希区柯克、雅各布斯、巴罗斯；本国的格林、比塞尔、巴特利特、华腓德、钱伯斯等人——更不用提较早一辈中的普里多、斯蒂林弗利特、莱斯利、沃伯顿、格雷夫斯、沃森、米尔曼与费伯——这些卓越的学者既否弃并反对所谓『高等批判』学者在摩西与五经问题上的结论，那就足以把旧有信仰的根基牢牢立定，并除去一切忧虑：不必担心它会被任何更高的学识、更强的论理或更重的才智所推翻。加拉赫（M. Gallagher）〕除上文提到的何梅尔与哈纳克两书之外，附录还为有兴趣的读者列出一份『驳斥激进与分割派考据学之近着』的部分书目——其中包括格林教授论摩西与五经的数种著作；罗伯逊教授《以色列早期的宗教》；比塞尔教授《五经：其起源与结构》；凯夫院长《旧约的默示》；赛斯教授《古代碑铭的新光》与《高等批判与碑铭的裁断》；以及爱德闪、埃利科特、斯坦利·利兹、罗林森、米德、巴特利特、泽诺斯、钱伯斯、加德纳、桑戴、肯尼迪与卡维诺诸人的著作；最后一种尤其适合作初次入门阅读——因其论述全面、清晰、犀利，且从多种角度处理这一题目——即贝伦兹（A. J. F. Behrends）所著《受攻之下的旧约》（The Old Testament Under Fire）。

ENGIVING: dues and gifts. [The tithe is a debt; and there can be no such thing as "giving," or making a freewill offering to God, until the debt has been paid. Every man, rich or poor, who fully and promptly pays his debts to his fellow-men thereby contributes to his own strength and honor. Certainly our debts to God are no less sacred and binding than our debts to each other; and as for rewards, His own promise is, "Them that honor Me I will honor." The divine order is "tithes and offerings"—the one being an expression of our debt, the other of our gratitude.]

BSBMalachi 3:8 Will a man rob God? Yet you are robbing Me! But you ask, ‘How do we rob You?’ In tithes and offerings.

中奉献：当纳的与所献的。〔十分之一是一笔债；在这笔债付清之前，根本谈不上什么『奉献』，也谈不上向神献甘心祭。任何人，无论贫富，若把欠同胞的债全数按时付清，就是在为自己的力量与体面添砖加瓦。我们欠神的债，其神圣与约束力，当然不亚于我们彼此之间所欠的债；至于赏赐，他自己的应许是：『尊重我的，我必重看他。』神所定的次序是『十分之一与供物』——前者是我们所欠之债的表达，后者是我们感恩之情的表达。〕