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BEATITUDES, of Old and New Testaments | 八福与诸福(新旧约的福语)

📖 出处:J. Glentworth Butler, Topical Analysis of the Bible(《圣经主题分析》),1897 年出版,公有领域。原书 p. 34

正文中的罗马数字引用(如 XI. 268)指向作者另一部著作 The Bible Work 的卷号与页码,保留原样。明显的 OCR 识别错误已修正。经文中文采用和合本通行译法。经文英文原文为 KJV/RV(1611/1885),其下 BSB 行是现代英语对照译文(Berean Standard Bible,公有领域)。

💡 使用提示:鼠标悬停任意英文单词 1.5 秒(或点击)可查看音标与释义——带下划线的是本词条精编词汇,其余单词自动查通用词典(离线);划选任意单词或短语(如 according to)也可查询并朗读;英文原文默认隐藏,点每节标题右侧的「显示EN」可展开该节,顶部按钮可一次展开全部;顶部另有现代英译与语法说明开关。

标题 / Title

ENBEATITUDES, of Old and New Testaments. Who are Blessed, or Happy.

语法参:纲要式标题句(并列名词短语,无谓语) → 001 标题+一个总领问句式短语(Who are Blessed:谁有福)。beatitude 源自拉丁文 beatus『蒙福的』。

中新旧约的福语(Beatitudes)——谁是有福的、蒙福的人。

一、旧约的福语 / Old Testament

ENPs. 1:1-3. The man whose delight is in the law of Jehovah, and (who) doth meditate (therein) day and night. Whatsoever he doeth shall prosper. IV. 42, 43, 45.

BSBPsalm 1:1, 2, 3 1 Blessed is the man who does not walk in the counsel of the wicked, or set foot on the path of sinners, or sit in the seat of mockers. 2 But his delight is in the Law of the LORD, and on His law he meditates day and night. 3 He is like a tree planted by streams of water, yielding its fruit in season, whose leaf does not wither, and who prospers in all he does.

语法Whatsoever = whatever 的古体(凡……的一切);doth meditate:doth + 原形,古体强调式(= meditates)。

中诗篇 1:1-3 —— 惟喜爱耶和华的律法,昼夜思想,这人便为有福。……凡他所做的尽都顺利。

ENPs. 2:12. They that put their trust (take refuge) in Him. Ps. 34:8. IV. 253, 298. Ps. 40:4. Ps. 41:1. He that considereth the poor.

BSBPsalm 2:12 Kiss the Son, lest He be angry and you perish in your rebellion, when His wrath ignites in an instant. Blessed are all who take refuge in Him.

语法参:him that / them that = he who / those who → 001 They that put their trust / He that considereth = those who trust / he who considers。
语法参:the + 形容词表一类人 → 001 the poor:贫穷人。

中诗篇 2:12 —— 凡投靠他的,都是有福的。34:8 —— 投靠他的人有福了。40:4 —— 那倚靠耶和华……的,这人便为有福。41:1 —— 眷顾贫穷的有福了。

ENPs. 32:1, 2. He whose transgression is forgiven; unto whom the Lord imputeth not iniquity. IV. 238.

BSBPsalm 32:1, 2 1 Of David. A Maskil. Blessed is he whose transgressions are forgiven, whose sins are covered. 2 Blessed is the man whose iniquity the LORD does not count against him, in whose spirit there is no deceit.

语法参:不用 do 的古体否定(Be not / Fret not) → 004 imputeth not iniquity = does not impute iniquity:古体否定,不用 does(不算为有罪)。
语法参:介词前置的关系从句 to whom / of which → 001 unto whom the Lord imputeth not…:介词 unto 前置于关系代词 whom。

中诗篇 32:1-2 —— 得赦免其过、遮盖其罪的,这人是有福的。凡心里没有诡诈、耶和华不算为有罪的,这人是有福的。

ENPs. 84:5, 12. Whose strength is in Thee; in whose heart are the highways to Zion. V. 68. Ps. 94:12. The man whom Thou chastenest and teachest. Ps. 106:3. They that keep judgment and do righteousness. V. 212.

BSBPsalm 84:5 Blessed are those whose strength is in You, whose hearts are set on pilgrimage.

语法参:倒装(宾语/状语前置引起的主谓倒装) → 001 in whose heart are the highways to Zion:介词短语前置引起倒装(= the highways to Zion are in whose heart)。

中诗篇 84:5, 12 —— 靠你有力量、心中想往锡安大道的,这人便为有福。94:12 —— 你所管教、用律法所教训的人是有福的。106:3 —— 凡遵守公平、常行公义的,这人便为有福。

ENPs. 112:1. The man that feareth Jehovah, that delighteth greatly in His commandments. V. 248. Ps. 119:1, 2. They that are upright, who walk in the Law, keep His testimonies, seek Him with the whole heart. V. 287. Ps. 128:1. Every one that feareth the Lord, that walketh in His ways. V. 391.

BSBPsalm 112:1 Hallelujah! Blessed is the man who fears the LORD, who greatly delights in His commandments.

语法参:古英语动词词尾 -eth / -est → 001 feareth / delighteth / walketh:一组 -eth 第三人称单数(敬畏、喜爱、遵行)。
语法参:the + 形容词表一类人 → 001 the upright:正直人。

中诗篇 112:1 —— 敬畏耶和华、甚喜爱他命令的,这人便为有福。119:1-2 —— 行为完全、遵行耶和华律法的,这人便为有福!遵守他的法度、一心寻求他的,这人便为有福。128:1 —— 凡敬畏耶和华、遵行他道的人便为有福。

ENIsa. 32:20. Blessed are ye that sow beside all waters. VIII. 160. Isa. 56:2. That keepeth the Sabbath from profaning it, and keepeth his hand from doing any evil. VIII. 315. Jer. 17:7, 8. Blessed is the man that trusteth in the Lord, and whose hope the Lord is. VIII. 477.

BSBJeremiah 17:7 But blessed is the man who trusts in the LORD, whose confidence is in Him.

语法参:省略结构(省略主语、系动词 be 等) → 002 whose hope the Lord is = whose hope is the Lord:表语前置(以耶和华为其所望)。

中以赛亚书 32:20 —— 你们在各水边撒种……的有福了。56:2 —— 谨守安息日而不干犯,禁止己手而不作恶,如此行、如此持守的人便为有福。耶利米书 17:7-8 —— 倚靠耶和华、以耶和华为可靠的,那人有福了。

二、新约的福语——基督亲口的八福 / New Testament: Christ's Words

ENMatt. 5:3-10. The poor in spirit, for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven. They that mourn, for they shall be comforted. The meek, for they shall inherit the earth. They who hunger and thirst after righteousness, for they shall be filled. The merciful, for they shall obtain mercy. The pure in heart, for they shall see God. The peacemakers, for they shall be called children of God. The persecuted for righteousness' sake, for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven. XI. 143-147.

BSBMatthew 5:3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 3 “Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. 4 Blessed are those who mourn, for they will be comforted. 5 Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. 6 Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they will be filled. 7 Blessed are the merciful, for they will be shown mercy. 8 Blessed are the pure in heart, for they will see God. 9 Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called sons of God. 10 Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.

语法参:the + 形容词表一类人 → 001 The poor in spirit / The meek / The merciful / The pure in heart / The persecuted:the + 形容词(或分词)表一类人的密集用例——八福的主语全是这种结构。
语法参:倒装(宾语/状语前置引起的主谓倒装) → 001 theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven:表语 theirs 前置(= the Kingdom of Heaven is theirs,天国是他们的)。

中马太福音 5:3-10(八福)—— 虚心的人有福了,因为天国是他们的。哀恸的人有福了,因为他们必得安慰。温柔的人有福了,因为他们必承受地土。饥渴慕义的人有福了,因为他们必得饱足。怜恤人的人有福了,因为他们必蒙怜恤。清心的人有福了,因为他们必得见神。使人和睦的人有福了,因为他们必称为神的儿子。为义受逼迫的人有福了,因为天国是他们的。

ENLuke 11:28. They that hear the Word of God and keep it. Luke 12:37. Those whom the Lord when He cometh shall find watching. John 20:29. They that have not seen (Me) and yet have believed. X. 574.

BSBJohn 20:29 Jesus said to him, “Because you have seen Me, you have believed; blessed are those who have not seen and yet have believed.”

语法Those whom the Lord when He cometh shall find watching:关系从句中再嵌时间从句(when He cometh),主干为 whom the Lord shall find watching(主来时看见他们正警醒的人);find + 宾语 + 现在分词。

中路加福音 11:28 —— 却还不如听神之道而遵守的人有福。12:37 —— 主人来了,看见仆人警醒,那仆人就有福了。约翰福音 20:29 —— 那没有看见就信的有福了。

ENJames 1:12. The man that endureth temptation. XI. 621. Rev. 14:13. The dead who die in the Lord; their works follow with them. XI. 759. Rev. 22:14. They that do His commandments.

BSBRevelation 14:13 And I heard a voice from heaven telling me to write, “Blessed are the dead—those who die in the Lord from this moment on.” “Yes,” says the Spirit, “they will rest from their labors, for their deeds will follow them.”

语法参:the + 形容词表一类人 → 001 The dead who die in the Lord:在主里面死了的人。

中雅各书 1:12 —— 忍受试探的人是有福的。启示录 14:13 —— 在主里面而死的人有福了……他们的作为也随着他们。22:14 —— 那些遵守他诫命的有福了(有古卷作:那些洗净自己衣服的)。【OCR 注:原书 "The lead" 为 The dead 之误。】

ENThese gracious Beatitudes cover every phase, touch every point and reach every depth of experience in living and dying. They are Benedictions in promise, and to the soul of great faith, in effect they are Divine realities.

语法cover / touch / reach 三个动词与 every phase / every point / every depth 三个宾语构成排比;in effect:实际上。

中这些满有恩慈的福语,覆盖生与死之经历的每一个阶段,触及每一个要点,达到每一层深处。它们是应许形态的祝福;而对信心宏大的灵魂来说,实际上它们就是神圣的现实。

词汇表(CET-4 及以上)

单词音标词性与释义
beatitude/biˈætɪtjuːd/n. 福语;(复数)八福
meditate/ˈmedɪteɪt/v. 思想,默想
refuge/ˈrefjuːdʒ/n. 避难所(take refuge in:投靠)
meek/miːk/adj. 温柔谦卑的
mourn/mɔːn/v. 哀恸,悲哀
inherit/ɪnˈherɪt/v. 承受,继承
merciful/ˈmɜːsɪfl/adj. 怜恤人的
persecute/ˈpɜːsɪkjuːt/v. 逼迫,迫害
profane/prəˈfeɪn/v. 亵渎,干犯;adj. 世俗的
benediction/ˌbenɪˈdɪkʃn/n. 祝福(语)
sabbath/ˈsæbəθ/n. 安息日