WORSHIP ｜ 敬拜

ENWORSHIP. I. Primal, essential and eternal elements, characterizing the worship of pure spirits, angels and redeemed men, in heaven and on earth. 1. The offering to God of PRAISE, for all that He is in being, character and working: the reverent ascription of adoring homage for His original, illimitable, all-creative, all-controlling and ineffably glorious Being—ever possessing and exercising an infinite majesty, might, wisdom, holiness, justice, truth and love (Ps. 96:1-9; 111:1-3; 145:1-6; 150:1, 2, 6; Isa. 6:1-3; Rev. 7:9-12). 2. The offering of THANKSGIVING, for all that He has done in behalf of created spirits: for His love in creating, His goodness in preserving and providing, and His grace in redeeming and eternally saving men. Ps. 100:4. Enter into His gates with thanksgiving, and into His courts with praise. 3. The offering of glad and loving SERVICE: Heb. 12:28. Let us have grace, whereby we may serve God acceptably with reverence and godly fear. Rom. 12:1. Present your bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable unto God, which is your reasonable service. Rev. 22:3. And His servants shall serve Him. II. Minor elements of earthly worship, befitting the consciously sinning, dependent and responsible human spirit: (1) contrite confession; (2) supplication for divine pardon, renewing, guidance and indwelling; (3) consecration of the whole self, with all entrusted gifts, to the will and work of God. Titus 2:12. Live soberly, righteously, and godly. 1 Cor. 6:20. Therefore glorify God in your body. 1 Cor. 10:31. Whether therefore ye eat, or drink, or whatsoever ye do, do all to the glory of God. John 15:8. Herein is My Father glorified, that ye bear much fruit.

BSBRomans 12:1 Therefore I urge you, brothers, on account of God’s mercy, to offer your bodies as living sacrifices, holy and pleasing to God, which is your spiritual service of worship.

中敬拜。一、本原的、本质的、永恒的要素——它们是天上地上一切纯洁的灵、天使与蒙救赎之人的敬拜所共有的特征。1. 把赞美献给神，为着他在其存有、品格与作为上的一切所是：以敬畏之心把倾慕的敬意归给他——归给他那本源的、无可限量的、创造万有的、掌管万有的、荣耀到不可言喻的存有；他永远拥有并施行无限的威严、权能、智慧、圣洁、公义、真实与慈爱（诗篇 96:1-9；111:1-3；145:1-6；150:1-2, 6；以赛亚书 6:1-3；启示录 7:9-12）。2. 把感谢献上，为着他为受造之灵所做的一切：为他创造中的爱，为他保守供应中的良善，为他救赎并永远拯救世人之恩典。诗篇 100:4 —— 当称谢进入他的门，当赞美进入他的院。3. 把欢欣慈爱的事奉献上：希伯来书 12:28 —— 我们就当感恩，照神所喜悦的，用虔诚、敬畏的心事奉神。罗马书 12:1 —— 将身体献上，当作活祭，是圣洁的，是神所喜悦的；你们如此事奉乃是理所当然的。启示录 22:3 —— 他的仆人都要事奉他。二、地上敬拜的次要要素——适合于那自知有罪、有所倚赖、须负责任的人的灵：（1）痛悔的认罪；（2）恳求神的赦免、更新、引导与内住；（3）把整个自己、连同一切受托的恩赐，都奉献给神的旨意与工作。提多书 2:12 —— 在今世自守、公义、敬虔度日。哥林多前书 6:20 —— 所以要在你们的身子上荣耀神。10:31 —— 所以你们或吃或喝，无论做什么，都要为荣耀神而行。约翰福音 15:8 —— 你们多结果子，我父就因此得荣耀。

ENTrue worship: its spiritual quality and exercises. 1. With the heart: John 4:23, 24. But the hour cometh, and now is, when the true worshippers shall worship the Father in spirit and in truth: for the Father seeketh such to worship Him. God is a Spirit: and they that worship Him must worship Him in spirit and in truth. Jer. 29:13. And ye shall seek Me, and find Me, when ye shall search for Me with all your heart. Ps. 57:7. My heart is fixed, O God, my heart is fixed: I will sing and give praise. Ps. 62:8. Pour out your heart before Him: God is a refuge for us. Ps. 66:18. If I regard iniquity in my heart, the Lord will not hear me. Ps. 145:18. The Lord is nigh unto all them that call upon Him, to all that call upon Him in truth. 2 Tim. 2:22. Call on the Lord out of a pure heart. In the beauty of holiness: Ps. 29:2. Give unto the Lord the glory due unto His name; worship the Lord in the beauty of holiness. 2. With reverent humility, adoring faith and loving desire: Ps. 95:6. O come, let us worship and bow down: let us kneel before the Lord our Maker. United or public worship: Ps. 111:1. I will praise the Lord with my whole heart, in the assembly of the upright, and in the congregation. Heb. 10:25. Not forsaking the assembling of ourselves together, as the manner of some is. Isa. 56:7. Mine house shall be called an house of prayer for all people. God's presence is pledged to worshippers: Ex. 20:24. In all places where I record My name I will come unto thee, and I will bless thee. Matt. 18:20. For where two or three are gathered together in My name, there am I in the midst of them.

BSBJohn 4:24 God is Spirit, and His worshipers must worship Him in spirit and in truth.”

中真敬拜：它属灵的性质与操练。1. 用心敬拜：约翰福音 4:23-24 —— 时候将到，如今就是了，那真正拜父的，要用心灵和诚实拜他，因为父要这样的人拜他。神是个灵，所以拜他的必须用心灵和诚实拜他。耶利米书 29:13 —— 你们寻求我，若专心寻求我，就必寻见。诗篇 57:7 —— 神啊，我心坚定，我心坚定；我要唱诗，我要歌颂！62:8 —— 在他面前倾心吐意；神是我们的避难所。66:18 —— 我若心里注重罪孽，主必不听。145:18 —— 凡求告他的，就是诚心求告他的，耶和华便与他们相近。提摩太后书 2:22 —— 同那清心祷告主的人……。以圣洁的妆饰敬拜：诗篇 29:2 —— 要将耶和华的名所当得的荣耀归给他，以圣洁的妆饰敬拜耶和华。2. 以敬畏的谦卑、倾慕的信心、慈爱的渴慕敬拜：诗篇 95:6 —— 来啊，我们要屈身敬拜，在造我们的耶和华面前跪下。共同的（公共的）敬拜：诗篇 111:1 —— 我要在正直人的大会中，并公会中，一心称谢耶和华。希伯来书 10:25 —— 你们不可停止聚会，好像那些停止惯了的人。以赛亚书 56:7 —— 因我的殿必称为万民祷告的殿。神应许与敬拜者同在：出埃及记 20:24 —— 凡记下我名的地方，我必到那里赐福给你。马太福音 18:20 —— 因为无论在哪里，有两三个人奉我的名聚会，那里就有我在他们中间。

ENPublic worship is a favorite theme with the psalmists. Many of the Psalms utter the call to worship, or express delight in the sanctuary service; they refer to song and prayer, and to the truths unfolded in the sacred place where God's honor and beauty abide; and they utter, in fervid words, the experiences of instruction, inspiration and comfort, of uplifting and delight, that come into their hearts from the hallowing influences which fill the holy place of God's presence and communing fellowship. Selected passages referring to the worship of the sanctuary: Ps. 27:4. One thing have I desired of the Lord, that will I seek after; that I may dwell in the house of the Lord all the days of my life, to behold the beauty of the Lord, and to inquire in His temple. Ps. 48:9. We have thought of Thy lovingkindness, O God, in the midst of Thy temple. Ps. 65:1, 4. Praise waiteth for Thee, O God, in Sion . . . Blessed is the man whom Thou choosest, and causest to approach unto Thee, that he may dwell in Thy courts: we shall be satisfied with the goodness of Thy house, even of Thy holy temple. Ps. 73:17. Until I went into the sanctuary of God; then understood I their end. Ps. 77:13. Thy way, O God, is in the sanctuary. Ps. 84:1, 2, 4, 10. How amiable are Thy tabernacles, O Lord of hosts! My soul longeth, yea, even fainteth for the courts of the Lord . . . Blessed are they that dwell in Thy house: they will be still praising Thee . . . For a day in Thy courts is better than a thousand. Ps. 89:7. God is greatly to be feared in the assembly of the saints, and to be had in reverence of all them that are about Him. Ps. 96:8, 9. Give unto the Lord the glory due unto His name: bring an offering, and come into His courts. O worship the Lord in the beauty of holiness. Ps. 122:1. I was glad when they said unto me, Let us go into the house of the Lord. Ps. 134:2, 3. Lift up your hands in the sanctuary, and bless the Lord. Ps. 150:1. Praise God in His sanctuary.

BSBPsalm 84:10 For better is one day in Your courts than a thousand elsewhere. I would rather be a doorkeeper in the house of my God than dwell in the tents of the wicked.

中公共敬拜是诗人们所偏爱的主题。许多诗篇发出敬拜的呼召，或表达对圣所职事的喜爱；它们提到诗歌与祷告，提到在那圣地——神的尊荣与荣美所居之处——所展开的真理；它们以热切的言辞道出心中所得的种种经历：受教、得激励、得安慰，被提升、得喜乐——这一切都来自那充满圣所（神同在与相交之处）的圣化影响。论圣所敬拜的选段：诗篇 27:4 —— 有一件事，我曾求耶和华，我仍要寻求：就是一生一世住在耶和华的殿中，瞻仰他的荣美，在他的殿里求问。48:9 —— 神啊，我们在你的殿中想念你的慈爱。65:1, 4 —— 神啊，锡安的人都等候赞美你……你所拣选、使他亲近你、住在你院中的，这人便为有福。我们必因你居所、你圣殿的美福知足了。73:17 —— 等我进了神的圣所，思想他们的结局。77:13 —— 神啊，你的作为是洁净的（英译：你的道在圣所中）。84:1-2, 4, 10 —— 万军之耶和华啊，你的居所何等可爱！我羡慕渴想耶和华的院宇……如此住在你殿中的便为有福，他们仍要赞美你……在你的院宇住一日，胜似在别处住千日。89:7 —— 他在圣者的会中是大有威严的神，比一切在他四围的更可畏惧。96:8-9 —— 要将耶和华的名所当得的荣耀归给他，拿供物来进入他的院宇。当以圣洁的妆饰敬拜耶和华。122:1 —— 人对我说：我们往耶和华的殿去，我就欢喜。134:2-3 —— 你们当向圣所举手，称颂耶和华。150:1 —— 你们要在神的圣所赞美他。

ENOld Testament worship, under form and ritual, with typical design and meaning. 1. The patriarchal period, with simple altar and sacrifice, the head of the family being the offerer: Adam, Abel, Noah, Abraham. 2. From Moses to Christ, an enlarged and elaborate ceremonial, of which altar and sacrifice formed the center and substance, with sanctuary and priesthood as the chief—because necessary—adjuncts. The details under Moses include: the tabernacle, God's first dwelling-place for man's worship; the priesthood; the Levites; the sacerdotal and sacrificial systems; animal sacrifice, whose essential feature is the life-blood; the chief offerings (burnt-offering, meat and drink offering, peace-offering, sin-offering, trespass or guilt-offering); the times for convocation and worship, daily, weekly and monthly; the historical festivals (Passover and Unleavened Bread, Pentecost or Weeks, the great Day of Atonement, Tabernacles or Ingathering); the sabbatic year and the year of jubilee; vows and votive offerings; and the offerings of first-born, first-fruits and tithes. Under Solomon: the temple; and its rebuilding under Zerubbabel. 3. The design, uses and limitations of the Hebrew ritual, with its underlying spiritual reference and meaning. Formal—that is, heartless or feigned—worship is abhorrent to God, and such worshippers are warned: Isa. 29:13. Forasmuch as this people draw near Me with their mouth, and with their lips do honor Me, but have removed their heart far from Me. Sacrifice and ritual are meaningless without heart-service, obedience and purity: Isa. 1:11, 16, 17. To what purpose is the multitude of your sacrifices unto Me? . . . Wash you, make you clean . . . cease to do evil; learn to do well. Micah 6:7, 8. Will the Lord be pleased with thousands of rams? . . . He hath shewed thee, O man, what is good. 1 Sam. 15:22. Behold, to obey is better than sacrifice. Hos. 6:6. For I desired mercy, and not sacrifice; and the knowledge of God more than burnt offerings. Matt. 9:13. But go ye and learn what that meaneth, I will have mercy, and not sacrifice. Other New Testament references to worship: John 4:20-24 (where Christ sets aside the entire ceremonial of Moses and of Solomon as to the place and requisites of worship). James 1:27. Pure religion and undefiled before God and the Father is this, To visit the fatherless and widows in their affliction, and to keep himself unspotted from the world. (The word here rendered "religion" means worship—the outward service; the same word occurs in Acts 26:5 and Col. 2:18. Ordinances, acts and forms are means, and, rightly used as such, may be helps.)

BSB1 Samuel 15:22 But Samuel declared: “Does the LORD delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices as much as in obedience to His voice? Behold, obedience is better than sacrifice, and attentiveness is better than the fat of rams.

中旧约在形式与礼仪之下的敬拜，带有预表性的设计与含义。1. 列祖时期：只有简单的祭坛与献祭，由一家之长作献祭者：亚当、亚伯、挪亚、亚伯拉罕。2. 从摩西到基督：一套扩展而繁复的礼仪，以祭坛与献祭为其中心与实质，而以圣所与祭司体系为最主要的（因为是必需的）配套。摩西之下的细目包括：会幕——神为人的敬拜所设的第一处居所；祭司体系；利未人；祭司制度与献祭制度；动物献祭（其本质要素是血中的生命）；主要的祭（燔祭、素祭与奠祭、平安祭、赎罪祭、赎愆祭）；召集与敬拜的时节，有每日、每周、每月的；历史性的节期（逾越节与除酵节、五旬节即七七节、大赎罪日、住棚节即收藏节）；安息年与禧年；许愿与还愿的供物；以及头生的、初熟之物与十分之一的奉献。所罗门之下：圣殿；以及所罗巴伯时期的重建。3. 希伯来礼仪的设计、用途与限度，及其底下所指的属灵含义。徒具形式的敬拜——就是无心的、或假装的敬拜——为神所憎恶，这样的敬拜者也受了警戒：以赛亚书 29:13 —— 因为这百姓亲近我，用嘴唇尊敬我，心却远离我。若没有心的事奉、顺服与清洁，献祭与礼仪便毫无意义：以赛亚书 1:11, 16-17 —— 耶和华说：你们所献的许多祭物与我何益呢？……你们要洗濯、自洁……要止住作恶，学习行善。弥迦书 6:7-8 —— 耶和华岂喜悦千千的公羊……世人哪，耶和华已指示你何为善。撒母耳记上 15:22 —— 听命胜于献祭。何西阿书 6:6 —— 我喜爱良善，不喜爱祭祀；喜爱认识神，胜于燔祭。马太福音 9:13 —— 经上说：我喜爱怜恤，不喜爱祭祀。这句话的意思，你们且去揣摩。新约中论敬拜的其他经文：约翰福音 4:20-24（基督在此把摩西与所罗门整套礼仪中关乎敬拜之地点与条件的规定一概撤去）。雅各书 1:27 —— 在神我们的父面前，那清洁没有玷污的虔诚，就是看顾在患难中的孤儿寡妇，并且保守自己不沾染世俗。（此处译作『虔诚』的词，本义是『敬拜』，即外在的礼拜行为；同一个词也见于使徒行传 26:5 与歌罗西书 2:18。礼仪、行为与形式都是手段；若被正确地当作手段使用，也可以成为帮助。）