TABERNACLE; TEMPLE; SYNAGOGUE ｜ 会幕、圣殿与会堂

ENTABERNACLE; TEMPLE; SYNAGOGUE. Tabernacle and Temple were identical in their details of outward worship, the material and structure of the Temple being better adapted to permanence. The building, with its court, was furnished with the external media suited to a typical worship. In the court were the altar of burnt-offering, for sacrifices, and the laver, for purifications. In the building were the table of shewbread, the candlestick, and the altar of incense—these in the outer apartment, accessible to the priesthood. In the inner chamber was the ark, with its golden cover called the mercy-seat, above which, on either end, were the cherubim; and between the cherubim shone the Glory, which represented the present and visible Jehovah. These media of worship were ministered by an appointed priesthood, with a high priest, who alone ministered in the Holy of Holies, once in the year. The full interpretation of the meaning of the tabernacle and temple service is furnished by the writer to the Hebrews in the ninth chapter. He declares that the service "was a figure for the time then present" (Heb. 9:9), and that "the holy places made with hands" are "the figures of the true" (Heb. 9:24); and he presents, in clear and detailed statements, the spiritual truths designed to be conveyed by these figures. Only by the careful study of this whole chapter, in connection with the ritual recorded by Moses, can the New Testament believer fully apprehend the Divine redemption wrought by Christ for human salvation. To aid the reader in this vital study, we here note the Old Testament references and points of special information and interest: the structure, meaning and design of the tabernacle, its symbolism and types; its furniture—ark and mercy-seat, table, candlestick, altar of incense; the offerings for its service—beaten oil, atonement money, incense, anointing oil; its court—altar of burnt-offering, laver, pillars and hangings; its ministry—priests, priestly garments and service. Also the temple of Solomon: its structure, courts and furniture; its uses and significance; its ritual, and the significance of that ritual to the thoughtful Israelite; the influence of the temple and its service upon the religious life of the people; and the temple-service as afterward superseded by the synagogue.

BSBHebrews 9:24 For Christ did not enter a man-made copy of the true sanctuary, but He entered heaven itself, now to appear on our behalf in the presence of God.

中会幕；圣殿；会堂。会幕与圣殿在外在敬拜的种种细节上完全一致，只是圣殿的材料与结构更适于长久保存。建筑连同其院子，配备了适合一种『预表式敬拜』的外在媒介。院中有献祭用的燔祭坛，以及洁净用的洗濯盆。建筑内有陈设饼的桌子、灯台与香坛——这些都在外间，祭司可以进入。内间则有约柜，柜上有称为『施恩座』的金盖；金盖两端之上是基路伯，而在两基路伯之间有荣光照耀，代表那位临在而可见的耶和华。这些敬拜的媒介，由受指派的祭司体系来供职，其上有一位大祭司；惟有他能进入至圣所供职，且一年一次。会幕与圣殿之职事的完整解释，由希伯来书的作者在第九章中给出。他宣告：那职事『是那时现今的一个表样』（希伯来书 9:9），并且『人手所造的圣所』乃是『真物的影像』（9:24）；他又以清楚而详尽的陈述，把这些表样原要传达的属灵真理呈明出来。新约信徒惟有把这整章与摩西所记的礼仪对照，仔细研读，才能充分领会基督为人类救恩所成就的神圣救赎。为帮助读者作这项关键的研读，此处列出旧约的相关章节以及特别值得留意的要点：会幕的构造、含义与设计，它的象征与预表；它的器具——约柜与施恩座、桌子、灯台、香坛；供其使用的奉献——捣成的油、赎罪银、香料、膏油；它的院子——燔祭坛、洗濯盆、柱子与帷子；它的职事——祭司、祭司的衣服与供职。以及所罗门的圣殿：它的构造、院子与器具；它的用途与意义；它的礼仪，以及那礼仪对一个善思想之以色列人的意义；圣殿及其职事对百姓宗教生活的影响；并圣殿的职事后来如何被会堂所取代。

EN[The Church is a spiritual temple, of which Christ is the chief corner-stone. The whole universe is in a sense the temple of God: He fills it with His presence; the heaven and the heaven of heavens cannot contain Him; He inhabiteth eternity. Yet He vouchsafed to manifest His presence in the ancient temple—it was "the habitation of His house, the place where His honor dwelleth." But that temple was the figure of a holier temple. God is a Spirit; His temple, in the highest sense, must be a spiritual house. It is built up of living stones—Christian men and women, living with the life of Christ—who come, drawn by the attracting force of love, to the one living Stone, which was once disallowed of men but is chosen of God and precious; and who range themselves, or rather are built up by the power of the Holy Spirit, as chosen stones upon the one Stone first chosen, which is at once the Foundation on which the building rests and the chief Corner-stone that holds the walls together; so that the whole building, fitly joined and compacted in all its parts, groweth unto a holy temple in the Lord. The whole building is a temple; and so, in a true sense, is each living stone therein, for the bodies of Christians are temples of the Holy Ghost (1 Cor. 6:19). But in the fullest sense the whole Christian Church is the spiritual temple of God: it is a corporate unity, knit and framed together into one building by the chief Corner-stone, the principle of unity on which it rests, which binds its various parts into one whole. And God dwelleth in this temple. For this temple is very precious in His sight: each living stone is precious, and precious above all price is the chief Corner-stone which holds all together. For this purpose chiefly did He make the world—that in it He might raise the spiritual building for Himself to dwell in forever; and from eternity He knew what the dimensions and frame and materials of it should be. The continuance of this present world, as now it is, is but for the service of this work, like the scaffolding about it; and therefore, when the spiritual building shall be fully completed, all the present frame of things, in the world and in the Church itself, shall be taken away and appear no more. Leighton.]

BSBEphesians 2:21 In Him the whole building is fitted together and grows into a holy temple in the Lord.

中〔教会是属灵的殿，基督是这殿的房角石。整个宇宙在某种意义上也是神的殿：他以自己的同在充满其中；天和天上的天尚且不足他居住；他住在永远之中。然而他竟俯就，在古时的圣殿中显明他的同在——那殿曾是『他殿的居所，他荣耀所居之处』。但那殿不过是一座更圣之殿的表样。神是个灵；他的殿在最高的意义上，必是属灵的殿。这殿是用活石建造的——就是那些以基督的生命活着的基督徒男女；他们被爱的吸力吸引，来到那一块活石跟前——那石头是人所弃的，却是神所拣选、所宝贵的；他们把自己列队排上去，或更准确地说，是被圣灵的大能建造上去，作为被拣选的石头，砌在那首先被拣选的一块石头之上；而那一块石头既是整座建筑所立的根基，也是把众墙连在一起的房角石。于是全房被联络在一处、各部分都紧密配搭，就渐渐成为主的圣殿。整座建筑是一座殿；而在真实的意义上，其中每一块活石也是一座殿，因为基督徒的身子就是圣灵的殿（哥林多前书 6:19）。但在最完全的意义上，整个基督的教会才是神属灵的殿：它是一个团体性的整一，被那房角石——就是它所立的合一原则——编织连结成一座建筑，把它各部分捆在一起成为一个整体。神就住在这殿中。因为这殿在他眼中极其宝贵：每一块活石都宝贵，而那把一切连在一起的房角石，更是贵重无价。他造世界，主要正是为这个目的——为要在其中兴建这属灵的建筑，好叫他自己永远住在里面；而它当有怎样的尺寸、怎样的框架、怎样的材料，他自永恒起就已知道。现今这世界照现在的样子存留下去，不过是为这项工程服务，如同工程周围的脚手架；因此，等这属灵的建筑完全竣工之时，现今的一切格局——无论在世界中还是在教会自身中——都要被撤去，不再出现。莱顿（Leighton）〕