SALVATION ｜ 救恩

ENSALVATION. Heb., safety, deliverance; Gr., safety, soundness. Sometimes used to denote temporal deliverance, but its chief Scriptural significance may be variously expressed. 1. Deliverance from the condemnation pronounced by the law of God upon the unholy offender—that is, exemption from the punishment and misery consequent on sin. The "no condemnation" of Rom. 8:1 suggests in a negative form the meaning of salvation, and carries a very large and blessed meaning, as the context shows: it includes the pardon, the remission, the cleansing, and the delivering from sin. 2. Restoration to likeness, to favor, to childship, and to fellowship with God, adds to the reach and comfort of its meaning. Herein is comprised the Divine process of regeneration, or new creation, and of assimilation to the image of God; and the Divine adoption, or restored childship, with its high privileges and satisfying experiences of intimate communion. 3. Eternal life begun still further expands and completes the significance of the golden word "Salvation." Salvation is the free gift of God, through grace: it is an unearned gift of life to one who is received as a child, while condemnation, or death, is the earned wages of a bondslave to sin. Rom. 6:23. For the wages of sin is death; but the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord. Eph. 2:8-10. For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God: not of works, lest any man should boast. For we are His workmanship, created in Christ Jesus unto good works. Titus 2:11. For the grace of God that bringeth salvation hath appeared to all men. Isa. 12:2. Behold, God is my salvation; I will trust, and not be afraid.

BSBEphesians 2:8 For it is by grace you have been saved through faith, and this not from yourselves; it is the gift of God,

中救恩。希伯来文意为『安全、拯救』；希腊文意为『安全、健全』。有时用以指今生的拯救，但其在圣经中的主要含义可以从几方面表达。一、脱离神的律法对不圣洁之犯罪者所宣告的定罪——也就是免受因罪而来的刑罚与愁苦。罗马书 8:1 那句『不定罪』以否定的形式提示了救恩的含义；正如上下文所显示的，它承载着极宽广、极蒙福的意义：包含赦免、免罪、洁净，以及脱离罪。二、恢复与神相似的形像、恢复神的恩眷、恢复儿子的名分、恢复与神的相交——这使救恩的幅度与安慰更进一层。其中包含神重生（新造）的过程、日渐同化于神形像的过程，以及神所赐的儿子名分（childship 的恢复），连同其中崇高的特权与亲密相交中令人心满意足的经历。三、『永生已然开始』则进一步扩展并成全了『救恩』这个金字般词语的含义。救恩是神藉恩典白白赐下的礼物：它是白白赐给一个被接纳为儿女之人的生命之礼；而定罪（死）则是罪的奴仆所挣得的工价。罗马书 6:23 —— 因为罪的工价乃是死；惟有神的恩赐，在我们的主基督耶稣里，乃是永生。以弗所书 2:8-10 —— 你们得救是本乎恩，也因着信；这并不是出于自己，乃是神所赐的；也不是出于行为，免得有人自夸。我们原是他的工作，在基督耶稣里造成的，为要叫我们行善。提多书 2:11 —— 因为神救众人的恩典已经显明出来。以赛亚书 12:2 —— 看哪，神是我的拯救！我要倚靠他，并不惧怕。

ENThe gift of God is in His Son Christ Jesus, the Lord and Saviour of men: Matt. 1:21. And thou shalt call His name JESUS: for He shall save His people from their sins. John 3:17. But that the world through Him might be saved. John 10:9. By Me if any man enter in, he shall be saved. Luke 19:10. For the Son of man is come to seek and to save that which was lost. 1 Tim. 1:15. Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners. Heb. 7:25. Wherefore He is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by Him. Acts 4:12. Neither is there salvation in any other: for there is none other name under heaven given among men, whereby we must be saved. Acts 5:31. Him hath God exalted with His right hand to be a Prince and a Saviour. Rom. 5:9. We shall be saved from wrath through Him. Heb. 5:9. He became the author of eternal salvation unto all them that obey Him. Titus 3:5. According to His mercy He saved us, by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Ghost. 2 Cor. 5:19. God was in Christ, reconciling the world unto Himself. It is conditioned upon faith and repentance (metanoia), attested by good works, or by obedient and godly living: Acts 16:31. Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved. Rom. 10:9. That if thou shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus, and shalt believe in thine heart that God hath raised Him from the dead, thou shalt be saved. Mark 1:15. Repent ye, and believe the gospel. Isa. 30:15. In returning and rest shall ye be saved. Ps. 34:18. The Lord is nigh unto them that are of a broken heart; and saveth such as be of a contrite spirit. 1 Pet. 1:5. Who are kept by the power of God through faith unto salvation. 2 Cor. 7:10. For godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation. Phil. 2:12. Work out your own salvation with fear and trembling. The Gospel is God's instrument in salvation: Rom. 1:16. For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ: for it is the power of God unto salvation to every one that believeth. Eph. 1:13. In whom ye also trusted, after that ye heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation. (In verses 12-14 we have the steps in the history of a saved soul: ye heard the word—ye believed—ye were sealed with that Holy Spirit of promise, unto the praise of His glory.) 2 Tim. 3:15. The holy scriptures, which are able to make thee wise unto salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus. James 1:21. And receive with meekness the engrafted word, which is able to save your souls. [The Gospel—that is, the gracious promise of God, implying faith as the condition of its acceptance and fulfillment—antedated and underlay the Law. All, therefore, who have been saved in Old Testament times, as well as since, have been saved by grace, through faith in the promise, as was Abraham. G. B. Stevens.]

BSBActs 4:12 Salvation exists in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given to men by which we must be saved.”

中神的恩赐是在他儿子主耶稣基督里，他是人的主与救主：马太福音 1:21 —— 你要给他起名叫耶稣，因他要将自己的百姓从罪恶里救出来。约翰福音 3:17 —— 乃是要叫世人因他得救。10:9 —— 凡从我进来的，必然得救。路加福音 19:10 —— 人子来，为要寻找拯救失丧的人。提摩太前书 1:15 —— 基督耶稣降世，为要拯救罪人。希伯来书 7:25 —— 凡靠着他进到神面前的人，他都能拯救到底。使徒行传 4:12 —— 除他以外，别无拯救；因为在天下人间，没有赐下别的名，我们可以靠着得救。5:31 —— 神且用右手将他高举，叫他作君王，作救主。罗马书 5:9 —— 就更要藉着他免去神的忿怒。希伯来书 5:9 —— 就为凡顺从他的人成了永远得救的根源。提多书 3:5 —— 乃是照他的怜悯，藉着重生的洗和圣灵的更新。哥林多后书 5:19 —— 神在基督里叫世人与自己和好。救恩以信心与悔改（metanoia）为条件，并以善行、即顺服敬虔的生活为印证：使徒行传 16:31 —— 当信主耶稣，你和你一家都必得救。罗马书 10:9 —— 你若口里认耶稣为主，心里信神叫他从死里复活，就必得救。马可福音 1:15 —— 你们当悔改，信福音。以赛亚书 30:15 —— 你们得救在乎归回安息。诗篇 34:18 —— 耶和华靠近伤心的人，拯救灵性痛悔的人。彼得前书 1:5 —— 你们这因信蒙神能力保守的人，必能得着所预备、到末世要显现的救恩。哥林多后书 7:10 —— 因为依着神的意思忧愁，就生出没有后悔的懊悔来，以致得救。腓立比书 2:12 —— 当恐惧战兢，作成你们得救的工夫。福音是神施行救恩的器具：罗马书 1:16 —— 我不以福音为耻；这福音本是神的大能，要救一切相信的。以弗所书 1:13 —— 你们既听见真理的道，就是那叫你们得救的福音，也信了基督。（第 12-14 节列出一个得救之灵魂的历程步骤：你们听见了道——你们信了——你们受了所应许的圣灵为印记，使他的荣耀得着称赞。）提摩太后书 3:15 —— 这圣经能使你因信基督耶稣有得救的智慧。雅各书 1:21 —— 存温柔的心领受那所栽种的道，就是能救你们灵魂的道。〔福音——即神恩慈的应许，其中以信心为接受与应验的条件——早于律法，也在律法之下作根基。因此，凡在旧约时代得救的人，与其后得救的人一样，都是本乎恩、藉着信那应许而得救的，正如亚伯拉罕一样。史蒂文斯（G. B. Stevens）〕

ENSalvation is the costly fruit of Divine love; its cost was the passion of the Son of God. The central and vital fact of all Divine action and disclosure was the shedding of His precious life-blood for the race of sinful and condemned men. His voluntary surrender of life for life we find symbolized in the Old Testament sacrifice; this was signally emphasized and unfolded in the ritual of Moses, of which we read the key word in Ex. 12:13. And when I see the blood, I will pass over you. The death of Christ for sinners is the theme and the end of all New Testament teaching—the chief and ultimate point of thought suggested by the words and deeds of Christ, and by the preaching, the letters and the lives of His apostles. [The gift of Christ for the world's salvation sprang from the Divine love, which is thus the motive of redemption. It is so effected as completely to vindicate the Divine righteousness and disapproval of sin, while providing for its forgiveness. This gracious revelation and redemption God alone originates, carries forward, and completes; man's part is the acceptance of its benefits. It lay in the heart of God from eternity, and is effected by His sovereign mercy. With no word of boasting may man appear in the Divine presence: through no obedience or achievement of his own, but through Divine grace alone, humbly accepted in faith, does he enter into peace with God. G. B. Stevens.] Salvation begins, and is assured, at regeneration and conversion. From the moment when the Holy Spirit re-creates, and the sinner, under the Divine wooing, reverses his heart and life-course by returning to God, he is saved. Once held by the hand of God, he is "kept by the power of God through faith unto salvation," and none can pluck him out of that Divine and loving hand. His life is now "hid with Christ in God." "You hath He quickened, who were dead"; "Christ in you, the hope of glory"; "ye are the children of God"; "he that hath the Son hath life"; "now is the day of salvation"—these and many like declarations require the believer humbly yet boldly to affirm with Paul, "I know whom I have believed, and am persuaded that He is able to keep that which I have committed unto Him"; or confidently to say with John, "We have known and believed the love that God hath to us." With this imbedded conviction of a present salvation ever dominant within, the heart and the life of every Christian believer would be steadily and greatly enlarged, enriched, and made more fruitful and blessed.

BSBColossians 3:3 For you died, and your life is now hidden with Christ in God.

中救恩是神的爱所结的代价高昂的果子；它的代价，就是神子的受难。神一切作为与启示的中心与关键事实，就是他为着有罪、被定罪的人类倾流了自己宝贵的生命之血。他以命换命的自愿舍己，我们在旧约的献祭中看到了它的象征；这一点在摩西的礼仪中被着重强调并展开，其关键的一句我们读于出埃及记 12:13 —— 我一见这血，就越过你们去。基督为罪人受死，是新约全部教训的主题与归宿——是基督的言行、以及使徒的讲道、书信与生平所指向的最主要、最终极的思想焦点。〔基督为世人的救恩而被赐下，源于神的爱；因此神的爱正是救赎的动机。而救赎的施行方式，既为罪的赦免作了预备，又完全维护了神的公义与他对罪的不容。这恩慈的启示与救赎，惟独由神发起、由神推进、由神完成；人的分只是接受其中的益处。它自永恒起就存在神的心中，是由他主权的怜悯所成就的。人来到神面前，不可有一句自夸的话：他与神和好而得平安，不是靠自己的任何顺服或成就，乃是单单藉着神的恩典——以信心谦卑地接受下来。史蒂文斯（G. B. Stevens）〕救恩自重生与归正之时便已开始，也在那时便得确定。从圣灵重新创造、罪人在神的柔声呼唤之下扭转其心与生命方向、归回神的那一刻起，他就得救了。他一旦被神的手握住，就是『因信蒙神能力保守，以致得救』，无人能从那神圣慈爱的手中把他夺去。他的生命如今『与基督一同藏在神里面』。『你们死在过犯罪恶之中，他叫你们活过来』；『基督在你们心里成了有荣耀的盼望』；『你们都是神的儿女』；『人有了神的儿子就有生命』；『现在正是拯救的日子』——这些以及许多类似的宣告，要求信徒谦卑却也放胆地与保罗一同宣认：『我知道我所信的是谁，也深信他能保全我所交付他的』；或与约翰一同笃定地说：『神爱我们的心，我们也知道也信。』当这种『现今已得救恩』的确信深植在里面、始终居于主导地位时，每一位基督徒的心与生命都必不断地大大扩展、丰富，更加多结果子、更加蒙福。

EN[It is the present and continuous salvation of the individual—his present and continuous life under the law of Christ—which is to be secured. Whatever efficacy the Gospel has, it is intended to make manifest on earth as well as in heaven; the will of God is to be done here, in the mortal life of men. The men and women who were added to the Church in Jerusalem are spoken of in Acts as those who were being saved—the present, not the future, participle. Their salvation was real; it was present as well as prospective. Its subjects had laid hold upon the powers of the world to come, and so their terrestrial life became celestial in quality and eternal in endurance. I am summoned to preach the Gospel of Jesus Christ, that men now living in sin may begin and continue to live in righteousness. The salvation which the preaching of the Gospel contemplates is a present and continuous salvation; it is designed to revolutionize and transfigure the mortal life of men. It fails when it does not do that; it succeeds when it does that, however limited the circle of its immediate influence may be. Behrends.] No future salvation is disclosed in the word of God. "Now is the day of salvation"; "God now commandeth all men every where to repent"; "How shall we escape, if we neglect so great salvation?"; "The harvest is past, the summer is ended, and we are not saved" (Jer. 8:20)—these and many kindred expressions, expanded and confirmed as they are by innumerable entreaties, warnings and promises, are all limited to the "now"; and they are reinforced by many references to a coming future of inquisition and judgment, when there is "no work, nor device, nor knowledge, nor wisdom," when "he that is unjust" shall be "unjust still," and when each shall "receive the things done in his body, according to that he hath done, whether it be good or bad." Salvation is provided for, proffered to, and pressed upon, all men: 2 Cor. 5:19. God was in Christ, reconciling the world unto Himself. 1 Tim. 2:4. Who will have all men to be saved, and to come unto the knowledge of the truth. However weak, ignorant or depraved, every man has an ear to hear the Divine message, "Come unto Me," and a heart that can appreciate the truth and tenderness of the Son of God. The only inability lies in his own persistent unwillingness: John 5:40. And ye will not come to Me, that ye might have life. Summing up of this theme: salvation is the supremely vital matter of every human life; and the only vital life-question is, "What must I do to be saved?"

BSB2 Corinthians 6:2 For He says: “In the time of favor I heard you, and in the day of salvation I helped you.” Behold, now is the time of favor; now is the day of salvation!

中〔要得着确保的，是个人现今而持续的救恩——就是他现今而持续地活在基督之律下的生命。福音不论有何等功效，都是要在地上、也在天上显明出来；神的旨意要在这里、在人必死的今生成就。使徒行传论到那些在耶路撒冷加入教会的男女时，称他们为『正在得救的人』——用的是现在分词，不是将来式。他们的救恩是真实的；它既是将来的，也是现在的。得救的人已经抓住了来世的权能，因此他们地上的生命在性质上变成属天的，在存续上变成永恒的。我被召去传耶稣基督的福音，为要叫如今活在罪中的人开始并持续活在公义中。福音的传讲所着眼的救恩，是现今而持续的救恩；它的用意是要彻底改造并变化人必死的今生。它若不成就这个，就是失败了；它若成就了这个，就是成功了——无论其直接影响的圈子何等有限。贝伦兹（Behrends）〕神的话中并没有启示什么『来世的救恩』。『现在正是拯救的日子』；『如今却吩咐各处的人都要悔改』；『我们若忽略这么大的救恩，怎能逃罪呢？』；『麦秋已过，夏令已完，我们还未得救』（耶利米书 8:20）——这些以及许多同类的话，连同无数的恳劝、警戒与应许对它们的展开与印证，全都被限定在『现今』；并且还有许多经文提到将来那审问与审判的时候，加强了这一点：那时『没有工作，没有谋算，没有知识，也没有智慧』；那时『不义的，叫他仍旧不义』；那时各人要『照着本身所行的，或善或恶受报』。救恩是为万人预备的、向万人递上的、也是向万人力劝的：哥林多后书 5:19 —— 神在基督里叫世人与自己和好。提摩太前书 2:4 —— 他愿意万人得救，明白真道。人无论何等软弱、无知、败坏，每一个人都有耳可以听见那神圣的信息『到我这里来』，都有一颗心能领会神儿子的真实与温柔。唯一的『不能』在于他自己顽固的『不愿』：约翰福音 5:40 —— 然而你们不肯到我这里来得生命。本主题的总结：救恩是每一个人生命中至关紧要的事；而唯一关乎生死的人生问题，就是『我当怎样行才可以得救？』