RIGHTEOUSNESS ｜ 公义

ENRIGHTEOUSNESS. Heb. and Gr., rightness, justice. RIGHTEOUS: right, just. Natural significance. The word in its normal meaning stands for the fundamental quality of moral character, and includes, in its ordinary use, absolute correctness and justness in all estimates, desires, motives and choices affecting moral conduct—in a word, moral perfection. To man, under the law of a Divine Creator and Ruler, it is an essential element in securing favor and an acceptable standing. But in this meaning, since the sin of man, there has been no righteousness exemplified on the earth: the one testimony of God in His entire Word is that there is none righteous. Special Scriptural use and gracious meaning. In place of man's own righteousness, and because of his unrighteousness or sin, the grace of God has provided and proffered a "righteousness which is of faith"—"even the righteousness of God which is by faith of Jesus Christ unto all and upon all them that believe" (Rom. 3:22). The righteousness requisite for an accepted standing before God and His law is not, therefore, righteousness in its normal sense of moral perfection—for this no man has wherewith to offer—but it is a substituted state of gracious acceptance, and of treatment as though always righteous, on account of the sacrificial self-offering for man's sin of the Incarnate Son of God; into which state the believing and penitent transgressor is admitted. The full and simple explanation we read in the wonderful words of 2 Cor. 5:21. For He hath made Him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in Him. Also 1 Cor. 1:30. Christ Jesus, who of God is made unto us wisdom, and righteousness, and sanctification, and redemption. Phil. 3:9. And be found in Him, not having mine own righteousness, which is of the law, but that which is through the faith of Christ, the righteousness which is of God by faith. Jer. 23:6. And this is His name whereby He shall be called, THE LORD OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS.

BSB2 Corinthians 5:21 God made Him who knew no sin to be sin on our behalf, so that in Him we might become the righteousness of God.

中公义（righteousness）。希伯来文与希腊文的原意是『正直、公正』。义的（righteous）：正当的、公正的。本义。这个词在其正常含义上，代表道德品格的根本性质；就其通常用法，包括在一切影响道德行为的评估、愿望、动机与抉择上绝对的正确与公正——一言以蔽之，就是道德的完全。对于处在神圣创造者与治理者律法之下的人而言，这是他获得神的悦纳、取得可蒙接纳之地位所不可少的要素。但按这个含义，自从人犯罪以来，地上就没有一个体现出这种义的人：神在他整本圣经中众口一辞的见证是——没有义人。圣经中特有的用法与恩典的含义。因着人的不义（罪），神的恩典就设立并递上一种代替人自身之义的义，即『本于信的义』——『就是神的义，因信耶稣基督加给一切相信的人』（罗马书 3:22）。因此，人要在神与他的律法面前有蒙悦纳的地位，所需的义并不是本义上的道德完全（因为这样的义没有人拿得出来），而是一种被替代的状态：因着道成肉身的神子为人的罪献上自己作祭，人便蒙恩被接纳、并被当作始终是义的来对待；相信且痛悔的犯罪者就被纳入这一状态之中。这层意思最完整也最简明的解释，见于哥林多后书 5:21 那句奇妙的话 —— 神使那无罪的，替我们成为罪，好叫我们在他里面成为神的义。另参哥林多前书 1:30 —— 基督耶稣……神又使他成为我们的智慧、公义、圣洁、救赎。腓立比书 3:9 —— 并且得以在他里面，不是有自己因律法而得的义，乃是有信基督的义，就是因信神而来的义。耶利米书 23:6 —— 他的名必称为『耶和华我们的义』。

ENThe righteousness of faith involves righteousness in daily living. The righteousness thus provided by Christ's suffering and death, and reckoned to the account of the believing penitent, is provided and reckoned only to those who desire and aim, and to the utmost endeavor, to realize a true and complete righteousness in daily living. Peter says: 1 Pet. 2:24. Who His own self bare our sins in His own body on the tree, that we, being dead to sins, should live unto righteousness. Hence the injunction of the prophet: Hos. 10:12. Sow to yourselves in righteousness, reap in mercy. Zeph. 2:3. Seek righteousness, seek meekness. Prov. 21:21. He that followeth after righteousness and mercy findeth life, righteousness, and honor. Matt. 5:6. Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteousness: for they shall be filled. The righteous, of both Old and New Testaments, are those who are justified by faith, and who prove their justification and attest their faith by single-hearted, persistent and prayerful endeavor after righteous and godly living. Concerning these, how manifold, rich and precious are the statements and promises! Prov. 3:32. But His secret is with the righteous. Prov. 4:18. But the path of the just is as the shining light, that shineth more and more unto the perfect day. Prov. 10:7. The memory of the just is blessed. Prov. 14:32. But the righteous hath hope in his death. Prov. 15:29. But He heareth the prayer of the righteous. Ps. 11:7. His countenance doth behold the upright. Ps. 34:19. Many are the afflictions of the righteous: but the Lord delivereth him out of them all. Ps. 92:12. The righteous shall flourish like the palm tree: he shall grow like a cedar in Lebanon. Ps. 97:11. Light is sown for the righteous, and gladness for the upright in heart. Ps. 112:4, 6. Unto the upright there ariseth light in the darkness . . . the righteous shall be in everlasting remembrance. Isa. 3:10. Say ye to the righteous, that it shall be well with him: for they shall eat the fruit of their doings. Isa. 33:15, 16. He that walketh righteously, and speaketh uprightly . . . he shall dwell on high. Heb. 11:4. By faith Abel offered unto God a more excellent sacrifice than Cain, by which he obtained witness that he was righteous. James 5:16. The effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man availeth much. 1 Pet. 3:12. For the eyes of the Lord are over the righteous, and His ears are open unto their prayers.

BSBMatthew 5:6 Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they will be filled.

中信心之义必然带出日常生活中的义。这样藉基督受苦与受死而设立、并算在相信之痛悔者账上的义，只赐给、只算给那些心里愿意、立定目标、并竭尽全力要在日常生活中活出真实完全之义的人。彼得说：彼得前书 2:24 —— 他被挂在木头上，亲身担当了我们的罪，使我们既然在罪上死，就得以在义上活。因此先知才发出这样的命令：何西阿书 10:12 —— 你们要为自己栽种公义，就能收割慈爱。西番雅书 2:3 —— 当寻求公义谦卑。箴言 21:21 —— 追求公义仁慈的，就寻得生命、公义和尊荣。马太福音 5:6 —— 饥渴慕义的人有福了，因为他们必得饱足。两约中所说的『义人』，就是那些因信称义、并以专一、恒久、多祷告的努力追求公义敬虔之生活，从而证实自己称义、印证自己信心的人。关于这等人，圣经的陈述与应许何等繁多、何等丰富、何等宝贵！箴言 3:32 —— 正直人为他所亲密。4:18 —— 但义人的路好像黎明的光，越照越明，直到日午。10:7 —— 义人的纪念被称赞。14:32 —— 义人临死，有所投靠。15:29 —— 却听义人的祷告。诗篇 11:7 —— 正直人必得见他的面。34:19 —— 义人多有苦难，但耶和华救他脱离这一切。92:12 —— 义人要发旺如棕树，生长如黎巴嫩的香柏树。97:11 —— 散布亮光是为义人，预备喜乐是为正直人。112:4, 6 —— 正直人在黑暗中，有光向他发现……义人被记念，直到永远。以赛亚书 3:10 —— 你们要论义人说：他必享福乐，因为要吃自己行为所结的果子。33:15-16 —— 行事公义、说话正直……他必居高处。希伯来书 11:4 —— 亚伯因着信献祭与神，比该隐所献的更美，因此便得了称义的见证。雅各书 5:16 —— 义人祈祷所发的力量是大有功效的。彼得前书 3:12 —— 因为主的眼看顾义人，主的耳听他们的祈祷。