PSALMS; PSALTER ｜ 诗篇与诗集

ENPSALMS; PSALTER. Introductory topics (treated in the commentary): title; the five books; formation of the Psalter; inscriptions; authorship; varieties of composition; the inspired origin of the Psalms; David the originator of psalmody; themes or subject-matter of the Psalter; the Psalms as related to the law of Moses, to Old Testament history and prophecy, and to Messianic promise and prophecy; the hope of eternal life in the Psalter; the imprecatory character of portions of the Psalms; Hebrew poetry; English versions of the Psalter; estimates and testimonies of devout and learned men. Partial classification, by special themes or characteristics. Alphabetical (acrostic): Ps. 25, 37, 111, 112, 119, 145. Ascension: Ps. 24:7-10; 47:5-8. Brotherly unity: Ps. 133. Covenant: Ps. 89. Creation and nature: Ps. 8; 19:1-6; 29; 33:6-9; 104. Deliverance from peril: Ps. 116. Divine majesty and stability: Ps. 93, 97. Evening: Ps. 4. Morning: Ps. 3, 5, 57. Family and household: Ps. 127, 128. Magistrate and head of household: Ps. 101. Imprecatory: Ps. 69, 109. Life Psalms: Ps. 23, 90, 91, 103. Life problems: Ps. 37, 49, 73, 92. Messianic: Ps. 2, 22, 45, 69, 72, 87, 110. Missionary: Ps. 48, 67, 72, 87, 96. National and historical, and harvest: Ps. 9, 20, 44, 46, 60, 65, 66, 68, 78, 80, 81, 85, 105, 106, 136, 144. Penitential: Ps. 6, 32, 38, 51, 102, 130, 143. Providence, personal and national: Ps. 34, 37, 91, 103, 104, 107, 121, 139. Old age: Ps. 71. The righteous man: Ps. 1, 15, 16, 17; 24:1-6; 27, 112. Revelation: Ps. 19:7-14; Ps. 119. The sanctuary in Zion: Ps. 84, 96, 100, 122. Trust in despondency: Ps. 42, 43, 46, 57, 61, 70, 86, 130. Trust and rest: Ps. 23, 131.

BSBPsalm 1:1 Blessed is the man who does not walk in the counsel of the wicked, or set foot on the path of sinners, or sit in the seat of mockers.

中诗篇；诗集（Psalter）。导论性题目（详见注释书）：书名；五卷的划分；诗集的成书；标题小注；作者；体裁的多样；诗篇受默示的来源；大卫为诗歌敬拜之创始者；诗集的主题或题材；诗篇与摩西律法、与旧约历史和预言、与弥赛亚应许和预言的关系；诗集中永生的盼望；部分诗篇的『咒诅』性质；希伯来诗歌；诗集的英译本；敬虔博学之士的评价与见证。按特定主题或特色所作的部分分类。字母离合诗（acrostic，各节按希伯来字母顺序起首）：25、37、111、112、119、145 篇。升天：24:7-10；47:5-8。弟兄和睦：133 篇。约：89 篇。创造与自然：8 篇；19:1-6；29 篇；33:6-9；104 篇。脱离危难：116 篇。神的威严与坚立：93、97 篇。晚祷：4 篇。晨祷：3、5、57 篇。家庭与家室：127、128 篇。官长与一家之主：101 篇。咒诅诗（imprecatory）：69、109 篇。人生诗：23、90、91、103 篇。人生难题：37、49、73、92 篇。弥赛亚诗：2、22、45、69、72、87、110 篇。宣教诗：48、67、72、87、96 篇。国族与历史，及收成：9、20、44、46、60、65、66、68、78、80、81、85、105、106、136、144 篇。忏悔诗（penitential）：6、32、38、51、102、130、143 篇。护理（个人与国族）：34、37、91、103、104、107、121、139 篇。年老：71 篇。义人：1、15、16、17 篇；24:1-6；27、112 篇。启示：19:7-14；119 篇。锡安的圣所：84、96、100、122 篇。灰心中的信靠：42、43、46、57、61、70、86、130 篇。信靠与安息：23、131 篇。

EN[The Psalms reveal to us the believer's faith in God and His word. They show us how, under the Old Testament, pious men felt toward God and lived to God—what they learned from the word of God and by experience of life to Him. They are the prayers and hymns of hearts that confess to God their sins, their fears, their sorrows, their joys, their needs: all the phases of the life of God in the soul—the deep distress, the thirst after righteousness, the calmness of assurance and peace, the exultant gladness of gratitude and love. In the Psalms, God is the only God, the only Creator: "He is to be feared above all gods; for all the gods of the peoples are things of naught, but Jehovah made the heavens." There is no other God: "Thou art God alone." Together with this absolute monotheism there is conjoined the conception of God as holy—that is, He is unique in perfection, far separate from every thought that could stain the chastity of His moral being or spot His glorious majesty. This utter holiness of God is a frequent plea in the mouth of those who cry from the depths: His spirit is holy, His arm is holy, His name is holy; He speaks in holiness; His heavens, His habitation, are holy; His throne is holy; He is the Holy One of Israel; and His earthly habitation, Zion, is holy—that is, consecrated to Him. All who worship Him acceptably must be holy: holiness becometh His house forever.]

BSBPsalm 93:5 Your testimonies are fully confirmed; holiness adorns Your house, O LORD, for all the days to come.

中〔诗篇向我们显明信徒对神及其话语的信心。它们让我们看见：在旧约之下，敬虔的人对神怀着怎样的情感、如何向神而活——他们从神的话中、从向神而活的人生经历中学到了什么。它们是心灵的祷告与颂歌，向神承认自己的罪、惧怕、忧伤、喜乐与需要：神的生命在灵魂中的一切样态——深切的困苦、对公义的饥渴、笃信与平安的宁静、感恩与爱的欢腾。在诗篇中，神是独一的神，独一的创造者：『他当受敬畏，超乎万神之上；因为外邦的神都属虚无，惟独耶和华创造诸天。』再没有别神：『惟独你是神。』与这绝对的一神信仰相连的，是关于神之圣洁的观念——就是说，他在完全上独一无二，远离一切可能玷污其道德本体之纯洁、或沾污其荣耀威严的念头。神这全然的圣洁，屡屡成为那从深处呼求之人口中的凭据：他的灵是圣的，他的膀臂是圣的，他的名是圣的；他凭圣洁说话；他的诸天、他的居所是圣的；他的宝座是圣的；他是以色列的圣者；他在地上的居所锡安也是圣的——就是说，是分别为圣归给他的。凡蒙悦纳地敬拜他的人，都必须是圣洁的：圣洁永远与他的殿相称。〕

EN[This holiness of God is the sum of all perfections, and includes perfect truth as a part of that sum; but the Psalmists never tire of singing the truth of Jehovah. He is the God of truth, who keepeth truth forever; all His decisions, His teachings, His commandments, His works are truth; the sum of His word is truth; He is plenteous in grace and truth; His truth is a shield and buckler to all who trust it; He desireth truth in the inward parts of man; He destroyeth those who speak lies, and abhorreth the deceitful man. To God so conceived the Psalmists come with the confession of their sin, without excuse, and cast themselves just as they are upon the grace and tender mercy of their pardoning God: "For Thou, Lord, art good, and ready to forgive; and plenteous in mercy unto all them that call upon Thee." They pray for pardon because their guilt is great—for pardon from all their sins; and they are sure that Jehovah does pardon and blot out all the sins and apostasies and guilt of His people when they seek Him in truth and confess their sins. His pardon leads not to loose living, but to true love and reverential awe of God, and to taking heed to one's self so as not to sin: "But there is forgiveness with Thee, that Thou mayest be feared." "Thy word have I hid in mine heart, that I might not sin against Thee." The Psalmists, then, believed God—Jehovah—to be the only God, omnipotent, holy, the God of truth, good, slow to anger, ready to forgive, abundant in grace, tenderly merciful: "Like as a father pitieth his children, so the Lord pitieth them that fear Him." There is everywhere in the Psalms a bedrock of unshaken, immovable confidence, to which they constantly appeal in times of darkness and distress, from which spring their quietness and assurance forever, and for which they lift up their hearts in gratitude to God. This word is the word of God's mouth, from which they have learned of life to God, and they pray for life according to that word. By this word God has given them hope, has caused their soul to return to Him, has given light to their eyes, and filled them with joy. This word they love; it is sweeter than honey to their taste, and they delight in it more than in gold, yea, than much fine gold. It is absolutely pure, as silver refined seven times. Howard Osgood, D.D.]

BSBPsalm 130:4 But with You there is forgiveness, so that You may be feared.

中〔神的这一圣洁乃是一切完全的总和，其中也包含完全的真实作为其一部分；而诗人们歌颂耶和华的真实，从不厌倦。他是真实（信实）的神，守真实直到永远；他一切的判断、他的教训、他的诫命、他的作为都是真实；他话语的总纲是真实；他有丰盛的慈爱和诚实；他的诚实是一切信靠之人的大小盾牌；他所喜爱的是人内里诚实；他必灭绝说谎言的，憎恶行诡诈的人。诗人们正是带着这样的神观，来到神面前承认己罪，不加辩解，就以本相把自己投在这位赦罪之神的恩典与温柔怜悯之上：『主啊，你本为良善，乐意饶恕人，有丰盛的慈爱赐给凡求告你的人。』他们求赦免，因为自知罪咎重大——求赦免他们一切的罪；并且他们确信：当神的子民诚心寻求他、承认己罪时，耶和华确实赦免、涂抹他百姓一切的罪、背道与罪咎。他的赦免并不导致放纵的生活，反而导致对神真实的爱与敬畏，并导致人谨慎自守、不再犯罪：『但在你有赦免之恩，要叫人敬畏你。』『我将你的话藏在心里，免得我得罪你。』这样，诗人们所信的神——耶和华——是独一的神，是全能的、圣洁的、真实的神，是良善的、不轻易发怒的、乐意赦免的、有丰盛恩典的、满有温柔怜悯的：『父亲怎样怜恤他的儿女，耶和华也怎样怜恤敬畏他的人。』诗篇中处处有一层不可摇动、不能挪移的确信作为磐石根基；在黑暗困苦之时，他们不断向它诉求；他们永远的安静与笃定由它涌出；他们也为着它向神举心称谢。这话语是神口中的话，他们从中学会了向神而活的生命，也照着那话祈求生命。藉着这话，神赐给他们盼望，使他们的灵魂苏醒归向他，使他们眼目明亮，使他们满心喜乐。这话语是他们所爱的；在他们口中比蜜更甜，他们喜爱它胜过喜爱金子，胜过许多精金。它是绝对纯净的，如同炼过七次的银子。奥斯古德（Howard Osgood）〕

EN[The Psalms prove the Old Testament history. For twenty-five hundred years the most holy souls on earth have found the Psalms the very food of God to their souls. The long line of God's martyrs, for more than two thousand years, has passed on to the fire, the sword, the rack, the gibbet, singing these Psalms as the highest earthly expression of God's life in their souls. But if these Psalms were founded on utterly unhistorical—that is, untrue—narratives; if their conception of God was drawn from false history; if all their confidence in God was built on the baseless fabric of a vision—then, without doubt, there is no such thing as revelation, and there never has been real life from God and life to God in the world. And moreover, if these pure characters, the many authors of the Psalms—these most intelligent writers, masters of their own language and of poetry that has borne the purest souls up to God, who for two thousand years have been held to be experts in life from God and to God—are now found to be deceived and deceivers, however honest in intention, then, without doubt, there is no human testimony of the slightest value on history or religion, and no critic's word is worth the breath it cost. For there never can be better testimony, by character, intelligence and intimacy with the facts, than that of the Psalmists to the Pentateuch. And still further: Jesus Christ and the New Testament writers believed and taught that the Psalms were true as to God, as to man, as to preceding history, and as to the God-given prophecies in them; for they taught that God Himself was the author of the Psalms in the hearts of the Psalmists. But if, as many teach, the Psalms were the baseless fabric of a vision of untruth, then Christ and His teachings, all life to God in the soul of man, and the validity of any testimony, pass into nothingness along with that baseless fabric. H. Osgood.]

BSBPsalm 119:103 How sweet are Your words to my taste—sweeter than honey in my mouth!

中〔诗篇为旧约历史作证。两千五百年来，地上最圣洁的灵魂都发觉诗篇正是神赐给他们灵魂的食物。两千多年间，神的殉道者络绎不绝地走向火刑、刀剑、肢刑架与绞架，口中唱着这些诗篇，视之为神的生命在他们灵魂中最高的地上表达。但假如这些诗篇是建立在全然非历史的——也就是不真实的——叙述之上；假如它们的神观是从虚假的历史中汲取的；假如它们对神的一切信心都建在一场幻象的虚空楼阁之上——那么毫无疑问，根本就没有『启示』这回事，世上也从来不曾有过真正『从神而来、向神而活』的生命。而且进一步说：诗篇那许多作者品格纯正，是最有智慧的写作者，精通自己的语言，精通那把最纯洁的灵魂托举到神面前的诗艺；两千年来他们一直被公认为『从神而来、向神而活』之生命的行家——假如如今竟发现他们既是受骗者又是骗人者（无论其动机多么诚实），那么毫无疑问，人类关于历史或宗教的见证便再无丝毫价值，任何批评家的话也不值他为此呼出的一口气。因为若论品格、才智与对事实的亲历，再没有比诗人们为摩西五经所作的见证更好的见证了。还有更进一层：耶稣基督与新约作者们相信并教导说，诗篇论到神、论到人、论到在先的历史、论到其中神所赐的预言，都是真实的；因为他们教导说，神自己才是诗篇在诗人心中的作者。但假如像许多人所教导的，诗篇不过是一场不实幻象的虚空楼阁，那么基督与他的教训、人灵魂中一切向神而活的生命、以及任何见证的效力，都要随那虚空楼阁一同化为乌有。奥斯古德（H. Osgood）〕