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DRUNKENNESS ｜ 醉酒

📖 出处：J. Glentworth Butler, Topical Analysis of the Bible（《圣经主题分析》），1897 年出版，公有领域。原书 p. 115–116

正文中的罗马数字引用（如 XI. 268）指向作者另一部著作 The Bible Work 的卷号与页码，保留原样。明显的 OCR 识别错误已修正。经文中文采用和合本通行译法。经文英文原文为 KJV/RV（1611/1885），其下 BSB 行是现代英语对照译文（Berean Standard Bible，公有领域）。

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浓酒 / Strong Drink

ENDRUNKENNESS, Strong Drink, Wine. Strong drink: "What satiates or intoxicates." Young. Prov. 20:1. Strong drink is a brawler. Isa. 5:11-14, 22. Woe unto them that follow strong drink. Isa. 24:9. Strong drink shall be bitter to them that drink it. Isa. 28:7. Through strong drink they are gone astray. Hab. 2:15. Woe unto him that giveth his neighbor drink.

BSBProverbs 20:1 Wine is a mocker, strong drink is a brawler, and whoever is led astray by them is not wise.

语法参：him that / them that = he who / those who → 001 them that follow / him that giveth：那追求浓酒的／那给邻舍酒喝的。
语法Woe unto …：圣经咒祸句式（……有祸了）——名词 woe＋介词短语，全句无动词。

中醉酒，浓酒，酒。浓酒：『凡使人餍足或使人醉的』——杨氏（Robert Young，《圣经分析经文汇编》编者）的界说。箴言 20:1 —— 浓酒发怒（英译：浓酒是好斗的）。以赛亚书 5:11-14, 22 —— 祸哉，那些……追求浓酒的人。24:9 —— 喝浓酒的必觉苦味。28:7 —— 因浓酒东倒西歪（英译：因浓酒走迷了路）。哈巴谷书 2:15 —— 给人酒喝……的有祸了。

酒；例证 / Wine; Illustrations

ENWine: For the meaning and discriminated use of the Hebrew and Greek words, see Ps. 104:15 with the comments. Prov. 20:1. Wine is a mocker. Prov. 23:20. Be not among winebibbers, among gluttonous eaters of flesh. Prov. 23:29-35. (Who hath woe? who hath sorrow? . . . They that tarry long at the wine. At the last it biteth like a serpent, and stingeth like an adder.) Eph. 5:18. Be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess. Rom. 13:13. Not in rioting and drunkenness. Gal. 5:21. Works of the flesh . . . drunkenness. 1 Cor. 6:10. Nor drunkards shall inherit the Kingdom of God.

BSBEphesians 5:18 Do not get drunk on wine, which leads to reckless indiscretion. Instead, be filled with the Spirit.

语法参：不用 do 的古体否定（Be not / Fret not） → 004 Be not among winebibbers / Be not drunk with wine：be 动词祈使否定，不用 do。
语法参：介词前置的关系从句 to whom / of which → 001 wherein is excess：wherein = in which（其中有放荡）。
语法参：古英语动词词尾 -eth / -est → 001 biteth / stingeth / giveth：咬你如蛇，刺你如毒蛇。

中酒：希伯来文与希腊文诸『酒』字的含义与分别用法，参诗篇 104:15 及其注解。箴言 20:1 —— 酒能使人亵慢。23:20 —— 好饮酒的，好吃肉的，不要与他们来往。23:29-35 ——（谁有祸患？谁有忧愁？……就是那流连饮酒的人。终久是咬你如蛇，刺你如毒蛇。）以弗所书 5:18 —— 不要醉酒，酒能使人放荡。罗马书 13:13 —— 不可荒宴醉酒。加拉太书 5:21 —— 情欲的事……醉酒。哥林多前书 6:10 —— 醉酒的……都不能承受神的国。

ENIllustrations: Noah, Gen. 9:21. Lot, Gen. 19:32. The Rechabites, who drank no wine, Jer. 35. Dan. 1:8. (Daniel purposed in his heart that he would not defile himself with the king's wine.)

BSBDaniel 1:8 But Daniel made up his mind that he would not defile himself with the king’s food or wine. So he asked the chief official for permission not to defile himself.

语法purposed in his heart that he would not …：purpose 作动词『立志』＋that 从句（立志不玷污自己）。

中例证：挪亚——创世记 9:21（醉酒赤身）。罗得——19:32（女儿以酒灌醉其父）。利甲族人——耶利米书 35 章（谨守祖训滴酒不入口，蒙神称许）。但以理书 1:8 ——（但以理却立志，不以王的酒玷污自己。）

词汇表（CET-4 及以上）

单词音标词性与释义
intoxicate/ɪnˈtɒksɪkeɪt/v. 使醉
satiate/ˈseɪʃieɪt/v. 使餍足【GRE】
brawler/ˈbrɔːlə/n. 好斗吵闹的人【GRE】
winebibber/ˈwaɪnbɪbə/n.【古】好饮酒的人
gluttonous/ˈɡlʌtənəs/adj. 贪食的【GRE】
tarry/ˈtæri/v.【古】流连，耽延【GRE】
adder/ˈædə/n. 毒蛇，蝰蛇
defile/dɪˈfaɪl/v. 玷污【GRE】