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ADOPTION | 得儿子的名分(收养)

📖 出处:J. Glentworth Butler, Topical Analysis of the Bible(《圣经主题分析》),1897 年出版,公有领域。原书 p. 12

正文中的罗马数字引用(如 XI. 268)指向作者另一部著作 The Bible Work 的卷号与页码,保留原样。明显的 OCR 识别错误已修正。经文中文采用和合本通行译法。经文英文原文为 KJV/RV(1611/1885),其下 BSB 行是现代英语对照译文(Berean Standard Bible,公有领域)。

💡 使用提示:鼠标悬停任意英文单词 1.5 秒(或点击)可查看音标与释义——带下划线的是本词条精编词汇,其余单词自动查通用词典(离线);划选任意单词或短语(如 according to)也可查询并朗读;英文原文默认隐藏,点每节标题右侧的「显示EN」可展开该节,顶部按钮可一次展开全部;顶部另有现代英译与语法说明开关。

标题与定义 / Title & Definition

ENADOPTION. Admission, by gracious Reinstatement, to full rights and privileges of Childship and Home Fellowship with God.

语法参:纲要式标题句(并列名词短语,无谓语) → 001 词典释义式的无谓语句:全句是一个名词短语,主干为 Admission to full rights and privileges(被接纳获得完整的权利与特权),by gracious Reinstatement 为插入的方式状语。

中得儿子的名分:借着恩典中的复位,被接纳进入与神之间儿女身份和家中团契的完整权利与特权。

正文对照 / Text

ENA Fruit and Proof of the Father's love. 1 John 3:1. A result of Christ's redeeming work. Gal. 4:4, 5. Childship ensures heirship with Christ to eternal glory. Rom. 8:17.

语法省略结构(省略主语、系动词 be 等)
书面语和诗体中常省略可从上下文补出的成分:And because sons, God sent forth... = because we are sons(因为你们既是儿子);Many the afflictions of the righteous = Many are the afflictions...(义人的苦难是多的);Blessed the man whom... = Blessed is the man(那人有福了)。理解时先补全再翻译。
本句:前两句为省略 It is 的名词短语句:A Fruit and Proof of the Father's love = (It is) a fruit and proof...(这是父爱的果实与明证)。纲要式文体常用。

中这是父之爱的果实与明证(约翰一书 3:1);是基督救赎之工的成果(加拉太书 4:4-5)。儿女的身份确保与基督同作后嗣,承受永远的荣耀(罗马书 8:17)。

预言 / Predicted

ENJer. 3:19. Ye shall call Me, my Father, and shall follow Me. VIII. 414.

BSBJeremiah 3:19 Then I said, ‘How I long to make you My sons and give you a desirable land, the most beautiful inheritance of all the nations!’ I thought you would call Me ‘Father’ and never turn away from following Me.

语法参:古英语第二人称代词 thou / thee / thy / ye → 001 Ye = 你们(第二人称复数主格)。
语法参:shall 表应许、命定的将来 → 001 Ye shall call:shall 表应许的必然(你们必称……)。

中耶利米书 3:19 —— 你们必称我为父,也不再转去不跟从我。

ENHos. 1:10. Sons.

BSBHosea 1:10 Yet the number of the Israelites will be like the sand of the sea, which cannot be measured or counted. And it will happen that in the very place where it was said to them, ‘You are not My people,’ they will be called ‘sons of the living God.’

中何西阿书 1:10 ——(你们必称为)永生神的儿子。

应许给信徒 / Assured to Believers

ENJohn 1:12. To them that believe on His name, gave He the right to become children of God.

BSBJohn 1:12 But to all who did receive Him, to those who believed in His name, He gave the right to become children of God—

语法参:倒装(宾语/状语前置引起的主谓倒装) → 001 To them ... gave He the right:状语前置引起倒装,= He gave the right to them ...。
语法参:him that / them that = he who / those who → 001 them that believe = those who believe(信的人)。

中约翰福音 1:12 —— 凡接待他的,就是信他名的人,他就赐他们权柄作神的儿女。

借圣灵的见证与引导 / By the Witness and Leading of the Holy Spirit

ENRom. 8:14-16. As many as are led by the Spirit of God, are the sons of God. Ye have received the Spirit of adoption, whereby we cry, Abba, Father. The Spirit beareth witness with our spirit that we are the children of God. If children, then heirs with Christ. XI. 236.

BSBRomans 8:14, 15, 16 14 For all who are led by the Spirit of God are sons of God. 15 For you did not receive a spirit of slavery that returns you to fear, but you received the Spirit of adoption to sonship, by whom we cry, “Abba! Father!” 16 The Spirit Himself testifies with our spirit that we are God’s children.

语法as many as 关联结构
as many as = all who / everyone who(凡……的人):As many as are led by the Spirit of God, are the sons of God = 凡被神的灵引导的,都是神的儿子。As many as I love, I reprove = 凡我所疼爱的,我就责备。注意它作整个句子的主语或宾语。
本句:As many as are led by the Spirit = all who are led(凡被圣灵引导的人)。
语法复合关系副词 whereby / wherewith / wherein
where + 介词构成的复合关系词,等于『介词 + which』:whereby = by which(借此)、wherewith = with which(用以)、wherein = in which(在其中)、whereof = of which(关于它)。例:the Spirit of adoption, whereby we cry, Abba = 借着这灵我们呼叫『阿爸』。
本句:whereby we cry = by which we cry(借着这灵我们呼叫)。
语法参:省略结构(省略主语、系动词 be 等) → 002 If children, then heirs:省略系动词,= If we are children, then we are heirs。

中罗马书 8:14-16 —— 因为凡被神的灵引导的,都是神的儿子。……你们所受的乃是儿子的心(原文直译:得儿子名分之灵),因此我们呼叫:“阿爸!父!”圣灵与我们的心同证我们是神的儿女;既是儿女,便是后嗣,……和基督同作后嗣。

ENTit. 3:7. Heirs according to hope of eternal life.

BSBTitus 3:7 so that, having been justified by His grace, we would become heirs with the hope of eternal life.

中提多书 3:7 —— 可以凭着永生的盼望成为后嗣。

ENGal. 4:4-7. God sent forth His Son, that we might receive the adoption of sons. And because sons, God sent forth the Spirit of His Son into our hearts, crying, Abba, Father. XI. 402, 3.

BSBGalatians 4:4, 5, 6, 7 4 But when the time had fully come, God sent His Son, born of a woman, born under the law, 5 to redeem those under the law, that we might receive our adoption as sons. 6 And because you are sons, God sent the Spirit of His Son into our hearts, crying out, “Abba, Father!” 7 So you are no longer a slave, but a son; and since you are a son, you are also an heir through God.

语法参:省略结构(省略主语、系动词 be 等) → 002 And because sons = And because we are sons:省略主语和系动词。

中加拉太书 4:4-7 —— 神就差遣他的儿子……叫我们得着儿子的名分。你们既为儿子,神就差他儿子的灵进入你们(原文作“我们”)的心,呼叫:“阿爸!父!”

EN1 John 3:1, 2. Now are we the sons of God. XI. 690.

BSB1 John 3:1, 2 1 Behold what manner of love the Father has given to us, that we should be called children of God. And that is what we are! The reason the world does not know us is that it did not know Him. 2 Beloved, we are now children of God, and what we will be has not yet been revealed. We know that when Christ appears, we will be like Him, for we will see Him as He is.

语法参:倒装(宾语/状语前置引起的主谓倒装) → 001 Now are we = Now we are:状语 Now 前置引起倒装。

中约翰一书 3:1-2 —— 我们现在是神的儿女。

ENEph. 1:5. The adoption of children by Jesus Christ.

BSBEphesians 1:5 He predestined us for adoption as His sons through Jesus Christ, according to the good pleasure of His will,

中以弗所书 1:5 —— 预定我们藉着耶稣基督得儿子的名分。

ENGal. 3:26. Ye are the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus. XI. 400.

BSBGalatians 3:26 You are all sons of God through faith in Christ Jesus.

中加拉太书 3:26 —— 所以,你们因信基督耶稣都是神的儿子。

EN1 Pet. 1:14. Obedient children. XI. 649.

BSB1 Peter 1:14 As obedient children, do not conform to the passions of your former ignorance.

中彼得前书 1:14 —— 你们既作顺命的儿女。

ENEph. 5:1. Beloved children. XI. 435.

BSBEphesians 5:1 Be imitators of God, therefore, as beloved children,

中以弗所书 5:1 ——(你们该效法神,)好像蒙慈爱的儿女一样。

ENRom. 9:26. Called children of the living God.

BSBRomans 9:26 and, “It will happen that in the very place where it was said to them, ‘You are not My people,’ they will be called ‘sons of the living God.’”

中罗马书 9:26 —— 他们必称为永生神的儿子。

ENEph. 2:19. Of the household of God.

BSBEphesians 2:19 Therefore you are no longer strangers and foreigners, but fellow citizens with the saints and members of God’s household,

中以弗所书 2:19 —— 是神家里的人了。

ENHeb. 12:7. God dealeth with you as with sons.

BSBHebrews 12:7 Endure suffering as discipline; God is treating you as sons. For what son is not disciplined by his father?

语法参:古英语动词词尾 -eth / -est → 001 dealeth = deals(deal with:对待)。

中希伯来书 12:7 —— 神待你们如同待儿子。

神仍然眷顾迷失的儿女 / Lost Childship Still Recognized by God

ENProv. 23:26. My son, give Me thy heart. VI. 383.

BSBProverbs 23:26 My son, give me your heart, and let your eyes delight in my ways.

语法参:古英语第二人称代词 thou / thee / thy / ye → 001 thy heart = your heart(thy 是 thou 的所有格)。

中箴言 23:26 —— 我儿,要将你的心归我。

ENLuke 15:20-24. His father saw him, and had compassion, and ran and fell on his neck and kissed him. … This my son was dead, and is alive again. X. 370.

BSBLuke 15:20, 24 20 So he got up and went to his father. But while he was still in the distance, his father saw him and was filled with compassion. He ran to his son, embraced him, and kissed him. 24 For this son of mine was dead and is alive again! He was lost and is found!’ So they began to celebrate.

中路加福音 15:20-24 —— 相离还远,他父亲看见,就动了慈心,跑去抱着他的颈项,连连与他亲嘴。……因为我这个儿子是死而复活、失而又得的。

ENWith many teachings regarding the process and results of genuine conversion, the Parable mainly emphasizes God's yearning over His lost child and His delight in regaining the child's affection and fellowship.

语法With many teachings regarding...:with 引导的介词短语前置作让步/伴随状语(虽有许多教训);regaining 是动名词作介词 in 的宾语:His delight in regaining...(祂重新赢回……时的喜悦)。

中这个比喻(浪子的比喻)虽然包含关于真实悔改归正之过程与结果的许多教训,但它主要强调的是:神对迷失儿女的切切渴慕,以及祂重新赢回儿女之爱与团契时的喜悦。

ENSee Childlikeness.

中另参主题词条:赤子之心(Childlikeness)。

词汇表(CET-4 及以上)

单词音标词性与释义
adoption/əˈdɒpʃn/n. 收养;(圣经用语)得儿子的名分;采纳
admission/ədˈmɪʃn/n. 准入,接纳;承认
gracious/ˈɡreɪʃəs/adj. 恩慈的,仁慈的
reinstatement/ˌriːɪnˈsteɪtmənt/n. 恢复原职(原位);复位
privilege/ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ/n. 特权,殊荣
fellowship/ˈfeləʊʃɪp/n. 团契;交往,情谊
redeem/rɪˈdiːm/v. 救赎,赎回(redeeming work:救赎之工)
heirship/ˈeəʃɪp/n. 继承权,后嗣身份(heir /eə/ 继承人,h 不发音)
eternal/ɪˈtɜːnl/adj. 永恒的,永远的
predict/prɪˈdɪkt/v. 预言,预告
assure/əˈʃʊə/v. 保证,使确信
witness/ˈwɪtnəs/n./v. 见证;见证人
obedient/əˈbiːdiənt/adj. 顺服的,服从的
household/ˈhaʊshəʊld/n. 家庭,家眷;一家人
compassion/kəmˈpæʃn/n. 怜悯,慈心
conversion/kənˈvɜːʃn/n. 归信,悔改归正;转变
parable/ˈpærəbl/n. 比喻,寓言(尤指圣经中的比喻)
yearning/ˈjɜːnɪŋ/n. 渴望,思慕
affection/əˈfekʃn/n. 爱,感情
delight/dɪˈlaɪt/n. 喜悦,愉快(delight in:因……而喜悦)
glory/ˈɡlɔːri/n. 荣耀,光荣